4/2017 XX Forum of Landscape Architecture / XX Forum Architektury Krajobrazu

No 4/2017, vol. 57

XX Forum of Landscape Architecture
XX Forum Architektury Krajobrazu

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PROBLEMS

The Landscape in Times of Populism and Post-truth
Krajobraz w czasach populizmu i post-prawdy
Aleksander Böhm
DOI: 10.30825/5.ak.117.2017.57.4

SUMMARY

The fascination with the landscape – which has led to the emergence of the art of the creation and protection of beauty in human surroundings – as a profession – has always been the domain of the elite. When a society follows the ideas of the elite, the level of culture rises, whilst when it is the other way around, when the elite follows the voice of the people – culture undergoes a regression. That which has been happening in Poland for the past 20 years can, without a doubt, be called a pauperisation of planning. The awareness of the essence of planning – of the fact tha a good plan should offer something more than the satisfying of the expectations of its future users, is disappearing in a populist atmosphere. This is the innovative value of plans and the essence of the progress of civilisation. This has been happenning for a very long time in those countries to whose standard of living we aspire to. The Landscape Architecture Forum has been an occasion to exchange thoughts for 20 years.Today we should return o the topic from which we started – to didactics! In order so that we can, through its earnestness, increase the level of social capial without surrendering to the deviation of the “threat of the forest within the forest” – no matter if this or that minister would compliment us for it. The duty of a university – one that has remained unchanged since the time of Plato’s Academy – is preparing young people to become a part of the elite – capable of searching for truth and of the creation and spreading of higher values based on truth. The functioning of the elite – and as such, a minority within the majority – is difficult in a democracy. However, this does not justify helplessness and idleness. In the field of didactics we have it easier – we can do what we want without paying attention to public opinion polls. Thus: Let us do our thing! Let us educate the elite!

Urban Park as a Subject of Research in the 21st Century in Poland, on the Basis of Ceon Database
Problematyka i zakres badań parków miejskich w Polsce w XXI wieku (na podstawie Bazy Nauki Ceon)
Barbara Szulczewska
Renata Giedych
Gabriela Maksymiuk
DOI: 10.30825/5.ak.118.2017.57.4

SUMMARY

Urban parks are one of the oldest and continuously developed elements of urban green spaces’ systems. Their types, functions and significance are characterized by a variability over time. However, parks continue to attract the interest of both city dwellers and those, who deal with the designing and maintenance of parks professionally. Research conducted by scientists should help identify contemporary needs of park users, as well as provide answers to questions concerning the further development of parks, including the desirable transformations. One of the turning points in the perception of the role of parks in cities has been the evolution of the concept of green infrastructure, which has emerged – among others – in the discourse of landscape architects in the beginning of the 21st century. Thus, certain new issues emerged with respect to the development of urban green spaces – mainly, delivering ecosystem services and adapting to climate change. The purpose of this paper is to identify the subject and scope of research undertaken considering the role, significance and problems of development of urban parks in Poland. The research included a review of both academic and popular science articles which concern the broadly understood development of urban parks. The research was based on the content of the Ceon Science Database (http://bibliotekanauki.ceon.pl), including AGRO, BazTech, BazEkon, CEJSH, DML-PL and PSJD. The conducted research has allowed us to determine whether, and to what extent, the current topics of reflection on urban parks are convergent for researchers and practitioners. Basing on the conducted research the authors concluded that:

case study descriptions of parksare predominant among the analysed issues; these descriptions are mainly informative, as their purpose is to familiarize readers with the studied park, or more problem-centered, as the description also relates to more general issues, and the park is described as an example or a point of reference;
other numerous and very diversified issues, are subjects of single articles, or are repeated in a small number of papers, which makes it difficult to trace any tendency in the studied problematics.

Legal and organizational aspects of Polish landscape architecture in the years 1998 - 2017
Prawne i organizacyjne uwarunkowania polskiej architektury krajobrazu w latach 1998-2017
Marcin Sobota
Andrzej Drabiński
DOI: 10.30825/5.ak.119.2017.57.4

SUMMARY

The authors of this article analyzed selected aspects of Polish landscape architecture in the last twenty years, especially considering changes in Polish legislation and their impact on the implementation of European Landscape Convention into the national legal order. What is more authors present many legal definitions which are included in generally applicable provisions and put into practice by a landscape architect. Legal aspects of practicing this kind of profession are also mentioned in the following article. The authors, within the organizational aspects of landscape architecture, review nationwide, non-governmental organisations, whose aim – among other ones – is promotion and development of landscape architecture as a field of science and also as a profession.

PREZENTATIONS

Use of Landscape Audit Methodology for the Cultural-Aesthetic Values Evaluation (Case Study)
Wykorzystanie metodyki audytu krajobrazowego w ekspertyzie wartości kulturowo-estetycznych krajobrazu (studium przypadku)
Magdalena Czałczyńska-Podolska
Magdalena Rzeszotarska-Pałka
10.30825/5.ak.120.2017.57.4

SUMMARY

The Act of 24 April 2015 changing certain laws in connection with the enhancement of landscape protection tools [Polish Journal of Laws Dz.U., item 774 of 2016] or the “landscape act” imposed the duties of conduction of landscape assessment (so called landscape audit) on local authorities on a regional (Voievodeship) level. The main objective of the presented paper is to expose, on the example of an audit of the cultural-aesthetic values of the landscape conducted for the Drawsko Pomorskie municipality, the possibilities for application of methods of landscape audit. As the methodical assumptions that correspond to landscape audit are adjusted to large scale analyses concerning whole regions (Voivodeships), for the need of the present presentation we abandoned the elements that were not related to the terrain subject to our analysis, such as indication and relation to the list of priority landscapes (as there were no priority landscapes in the survey area). According to the audit methodology the works included:

query and gathering informationabout the region, including field studies;
landscape characteristics, including the identification of its cultural and aesthetic values;
identification and evaluation of threats to the landscape.

Additionally, for the needs of the paper, we performed the analysis of view exposition accessibility of the terrain that consists of descriptive and graphic parts, in order to verify its potential influence on landscape’s perception. During the research we were able to confirm the applicability of the methods of landscape auditing to works concerning landscape evaluation.

FORUM

Problems with the Restoration of Monastic Garden Complexes on the Example of Cistercian Heritage
Problemy rewaloryzacji klasztornych założeń ogrodowych na przykładzie dziedzictwa cysterskiego
Małgorzata Milecka
10.30825/5.ak.121.2017.57.4

SUMMARY

Monasteries, together with their entire accompanying landscape context, have their cultural roots in the Middle Ages. In Poland they performed a very important cultureforming function throughout its history. For centuries, European monastic gardens have constituted unique spatial arrangements. These complexes, depending on their location and the fate of particular congregations, have gradually undergone transformations, finally achieving their contemporary form. Their remains are to a greater or lesser extent still present in landscape and require adequate protection. Nowadays, due to the changes in the way monastic and post-monastic complexes are used, they have adopted new functions and forms, not uncommonly conveying a different meaning. Frequently, it leads to the loss of their timeless value. The article presents the main problems with the conservation of the unique and culturally uniform group of post-Cistercian complexes and presents some of the best contemporary examples of the restoration of foreign complexes (Fontenay, Maulbronn, Poblet, Alcobaça), deemed particularly valuable and inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List, as well as Polish complexes that were awarded the Monument of History title (in the order they were awarded the title: Krzeszów, Ląd, Sulejów, Pelplin, Kołbacz, Trzebnica, Wąchock). The article also reflects on the following ideas:
1. Is a garden a testament of the past, with mostly historical and research value, as Ruskin or Riegl felt,
2. Or is a garden a piece of art of aesthetic and utilitarian value, which should be beautiful and pleasant, and which should – as Viollet-le-Duc wanted – constitute a complete and stylistically uniform whole?
It seems that finding an answer to this question, or at least becoming aware of the problem, is particularly important in the context of restoring complexes whose traditions date back to the origins of our culture.

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