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No 3/2017, vol. 56 Alternative forms of green Alternatywne formy zieleni SUMMARIES page DOWNLOAD ALL (6,6MB)  |
PROBLEMS Classification of Green Walls in Consideration to Polish Tradition Klasyfikacja Roślinnych Ścian z uwzględnieniem polskich tradycji językowych Marta Weber-Siwirska Daniel Skarżyński Ewa Walter Katarzyna Wróblewska DOI: 10.30825/5.ak.111.2017.56.3 SUMMARYOver the last few decades, there has been a noticeable increase in the number of living walls in Polish cities. This has been mainly due to buildings’ compaction and therefore the loss of space for green areas, but also because of the current trend of installation of vertical green systems. Design documentation and expert opinions on green facades and vertical gardens are increasingly being developed. Unfortunately, the descriptive parts of the various works differ considerably in their substantive content, and sometimes there are some errors resulting from contradictory information, even within one work. Faced with the ever-increasing popularity of living walls, it seems necessary to introduce a uniform nomenclature and to classify these installations. Within the framework of the activity of the Polish Green Roofs Association, a team consisting of both researchers and practitioners in living walls installations, have undertaken to define their specific different types. Proposals for classification and nomenclature of living walls have been widely discussed among the professionals in the world of science and practice. The work was conducted on the basis of scientific studies as well as on practical experience in the Polish climatic conditions. This paper presents the definitions and the classification of living walls and provides justification for the proposed nomenclature that has been approved by the working group. Polish Terminology Referring to Green Roofs – a Review of Terms in Reference to Theory and Practice Nomenklatura dotycząca zielonych dachów w Polsce – przegląd pojęć w odniesieniu do teorii i praktyki Ewa Walter Katarzyna Wróblewska Marta Weber-Siwirska Daniel Skarżyński DOI: 10.30825/5.ak.112.2017.56.3 SUMMARYThe green roof market in Poland has been developing rapidly, especially in large cities, where such solutions are an alternative form of green urban areas in densely built up city tissue. Green roofs are also becoming a field of focus for Polish scientists, but there is still lack of sufficient research in this area that could be adapted to the local, natural, legal and economic conditions. The increased development of green roofs generates a need for additional training in this field, both in the academic aspect as well as in professional or administrative terms. Unfortunately, the educational offer still contains few publications that present a consistent, holistic approach to the topic and are based on local domestic experiments and test the results not international ones. One significant problem is the fact that the terminology used both by academics and professionals is still underdeveloped. This paper presents a review of terminology related to green roofs and a proposal to unify selected definitions, and thus avoid the most common mistakes. The presented material may be used as a basis for developing green roof terminology in Poland. It was prepared by the Polish Green Roofs Association with the participation of scientists and practitioners in the field of green roofs. PREZENTATIONS Research on Community Garden Practice - Taking ‘the Kid’s Garden’ in Hunan Agricultural University as an Example Zhanxi Zhou Yihan Huang Zhaohui Hu Chen Zhou DOI: 10.30825/5.ak.113.2017.56.3 SUMMARYAs a form of urban green space, community gardens have provided urban residents with various environments, to satisfy their social, economic and health interests. For the purposes of creating public, open and shared spaces, this article summarizes and contrasts the history of the community garden development in Europe and America, while analyzing the development situation of China as well. Taking “the Kid’s Garden” in Hunan Agricultural University as an example, the authors discuss the whole practice process in three aspects: the layout design, the construction process, and the operation and maintenance plan. Finally, the conclusion of the article presents a community garden building model, which is supported by universities with the goals to reward the society, as well as to provide a win-win result between practice and teaching. This experience is hoped to popularize community gardens and to make a contribution towards a harmonious society. Ecosystem Servicesof Street Trees on the Example of Puławy Usługi ekosystemowe drzew przyulicznych na przykładzie Puław Halina Lipińska Aleksandra Łojek Sylwia Kościk DOI: 10.30825/5.ak.114.2017.56.3 SUMMARYThe objective of the studies was to estimate the value of ecosystem services provided by street trees in Puławy. This valuation was performed using the replacement (compensation) method based on the results of stocktaking performed, during which the species composition, age, condition and location of tees were assessed. The collected data allowed for calculation of the actual value of a tree, i.e. costs of replacing a lost tree with a comparable replacement tree. The studies involved 1,057 trees growing along national and voivodeship roads in the city. It was assumed that replacement costs of tree resources correspond to benefits brought within ecosystem services. The estimated actual (replacement) value of street trees in green strips of national and voivodeship roads in Puławy was more than 9,000,000 PLN. This amount corresponds to ecosystem services, i.e. benefits brought by the ecosystem to the society and environment. The value of the services varied and depended on the species and their basic value, age, condition and location. The value of ecosystem services of street trees was mostly affected by the share of Tilia cordata (most common) and Populus alba. The value of trees growing along national roads was estimated higher in terms of the replacement value than the value of trees in green strips of voivodeship roads. The estimated average individual value of a tree was 8,529 PLN. Artistic Realisations in the Participatory Shaping of Inhabited Areas Realizacje artystyczne w partycypacyjnym kształtowaniu terenów zamieszkiwanych Martyna Cziszewska Beata J. Gawryszewska DOI: 10.30825/5.ak.115.2017.56.3 SUMMARYThe subject of the research referred to in this paper are artistic realisations in urban inhabited space, namely backyards and public areas of housing estates in Poland. The aim of this paper was to show the correlations between the form of realisation of such works of art and social participation in the course of their creation and during further use of such space. The results of the studies conducted in several cities in Poland were based on the analysis of selected realisations as spatial forms that may stimulate the creative potential of local communities. Determination of the correlation between intervention, landscape, creator and user allowed us to establish which traits of realisations stimulate the activity of inhabitants. The developed results allowed us to distinguish four types of artistic realizations showing the opportunities and threats resulting from the use of art in the processes of participatory shaping of inhabited spaces. FORUM Spatial Development of Selected Villages in the Eastern Part of the Macro-Region of the Silesian-Lusatian Lowland Rozwój przestrzenny wybranych wsi wschodniej części makroregionu Niziny Śląsko-Łużyckiej Anna Witkiewicz DOI: 10.30825/5.ak.116.2017.56.3 SUMMARYWestern territories lying within the borders of Poland have been characterized for several dozen years by specific landscape forms, which mainly consist of rural areas. After the war, these areas began to be inhabited by new settlers for whom the landscape and buildings hitherto existing there were foreign. Research into rural areas allows us to learn about the past phenomena occurring there and anticipate future ones. What’s more, they give one the opportunity to capture cultural phenomena, which are factors creating the elements of the material heritage. This work analyzes changes in the types of development in selected villages of the eastern part of the mesoregion of the Silesian-Lusatian Lowland. Selected units make up part of the core area of Silesia and are characterized by a similar location and history. In addition, you one can distinguish three building systems that create them: single-road compact, singleroad loose and multi-road one. As a result of development, their spatial layout has changed in a variety of ways, however, it can be stated that the existing systems in more than half of the surveyed villages have not changed significantly. Built-up areas are expanding, thus replacing rural farmsteads. New settlements often build up on older tissue or are located off the beaten track creating separate housing estates. |
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