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This article presents a solution for the system of green infrastructure of the Wrocław Functional Area (WrOF) proposed by the authors commissioned in 2014 by the Institute of Regional Development in Wrocław. The analysis was conducted within the framework of the project “The study of the functional consistency in Wrocław’s Functional Area” which was partly financed by the European Union from the operational program: Technical Aid 2007–2013. The outline of the project was presented against the background of selected examples from foreign countries. The article also indicates certain issues connected with rural and suburban area management with the focus on the importance of greenery and social participation as well as the necessity of a new approach to design in this area.
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Currently farms are developing their agritourism offer. One of the directions of development is on-site education, allowing members of the general public to view or enjoy rural activities not just for recreational, or entertainment, but for educational purposes. It is therefore necessary to adapt farm space for specific users, who are mostly children. Research has been conducted to determine the needs and requirements of land users. The objective of the research was to identify solutions for the educational and recreational functions of farm space.
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Palace – garden ensambles, created during XVIIIth and XIXth Century, are until these days very significant in the landscape of Western Pomerania villages. Unfortunately, former farms together with accompanying palaces and parks are visibly transformed and their primary form is now destructed, because of improper use, neglect or even abandon. There are chosen examples presented in the article, which illustrate present state of palace – garden ensambles from the area of Western Pomerania. These examples were chosen in that way, to precisely display general tendency concerning the possibility of their revitalization.
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The paper concerns social perceptions of the use of concrete in garden architecture. As a result of the analysis an ideal concept of a garden has been proposed, where various concrete elements are present. A questionnaire was used as an auxiliary tool. It was formulated in such a way as to get information on preferences related to concrete use in garden architecture with an indication of possible structural elements, their shape, types of concrete, combination of concrete with other construction materials and plant types, as well as economical and ecological conditions. Preferences of respondents are different but a social need to respect the environment during creation of garden architecture is common.
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Relations Between Natural and Post-industrial Areas with Transformed Relief on the Example of Śląsko-Dąbrowski Region
Związki obszarów przyrodniczych i poprzemysłowych o przekształconej rzeźbie terenu na przykładzie regionu śląsko-dąbrowskiego
Szymon Opania
Karolina Szaton

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The Śląsko-Dąbrowski region presents a typical image of post-industrial Silesia. The industry, mainly hard coal extraction, has left its mark on the landscape. However, as years passed, nature found its way to come into existence, even in those degraded lands, transformed by anthropogenic impact and it has shaped a new image of the region. The relations between post-industrial and natural areas turned out to be very strong. However, in order to become the basis for the process of revitalisation they need to be properly defined and emphasized. Based on the inventory lists and analyses of determinants, thirteen groups of related natural and post-industrial sites in the Śląsko-Dąbrowski region have been identified, and potential directions of their development have been indicated. The factor that determined the nature of an area was mainly the level to which the transformation was preserved – anthropogenic impact provides opportunities for interesting space formation, as well asenvironmental values and landscape. The identified areas also differ in the type and strength of their relations. The identified relations include spatial, landscape and functional relations, to which each group of sites was then assigned. The findings of the study confirm the occurrence of the phenomenon of interpenetration of valuable natural sites and transformed sites, and they prove that the process of renaturalisation has started spontaneously. Exploiting the landscape- and terrainrelated potential of the interrelated areas may significantly improve the functioning of the cities of the Śląsko-Dąbrowski region and, in a broader perspective, of Silesia.
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The Potential of Post-industrial Landscape Elements for Image Creation and Revival of an Area. The Example of Przemsza and Brynica River Valley
Potencjał elementów poprzemysłowych w krajobrazie w tworzeniu wizerunku i aktywizowaniu obszaru. Przykład doliny Przemszy i Brynicy
Monika Kubica
Szymon Opania
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The main subject discussed in this paper is the question whether taking into account and using postindustrial elements in the creation of a new image and revival endeavours is justified. The problem is discussed on the example of Przemsza and Brynica River Valley in the Silesian Voivodeship. The results of the analyses presented in the article show the potential of industrial-type areas by assessment of selected aspects: historical value and preservation of valuable structures, visibility and landscape formation, the possibility of making them accessible for active use. Surveys show that post-industrial elements in the valley landscape and area are an important asset. In many cases they are characterised by high cultural value, they create the character of a place to a large extent. Not only are they the legacy of the past – though this alone is important in building identity – but they are also a chance for the future and for the creation of a new quality. Their authenticity, unique ambiance, can be used in a new way, corresponding to modern needs – the more so as it turns out, that many of the areas are ready to be made accessible and actively used. Instead of disappearing from the landscape, post-industrial elements could gain new meaning and form unique combinations that would make the area stand out. Due to individual approach, sometimes radical or unconventional ideas may turn into a well-used opportunity which is, in fact, still available in many places.
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Industrial (mines, factories) and post-industrial (abandoned facilities and ruins) spaces, heavily transformed by human destructive activity evoke no associations with primeval nature. It is difficult to label them under thecategory of a picturesque landscape which has always provided inspiration for painters. The goal of this essay is to present activities of curators and contemporary artists for whom such places not only constitute a source of inspiration, but are also attractive exhibition spaces. Against the background supplied by the history and memory of their former users, they imbue industrial buildings and their surroundings with a new aesthetic and conceptual context. They also frequently contribute to revitalisation of the industrial heritage.
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The article analyses the landscape of small towns in the voivodeship of Lower Silesia with populations up to 20 000. It overlooks small towns that lost their city status over the years but takes into consideration a few Czech frontier towns. It also points to a number of characteristic features that have medieval roots and gives special consideration to such elements as marketplaces surrounded with arcades, quite often with a town hall building and defensive walls with towers and gates. Landmarks in small towns seen from narrow streets, usually from markets are also worth mentioning. Architectural details such as balconies, portals, monuments, votive columns etc. are particularly valuable. The entire city panorama not always visible because of acoustic screens is very important for the landscape.
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Medieval fortifications, which were built long time ago, served townsmen as defence against the attacks of enemy armies or band of raiders and for protection against free influx into the city of all kinds of groups of vagabonds. Nowadays, they are a symbol of power, and part of cultural heritage. They also form a disappearing, rare element of urban landscape, which calls for the need of their protection and appropriate exposure. In the region of Lower Silesiaof over 60 cities with a fortified origin there have been preserved until now a little over 30 of them. The aim of study was to select from the investigated Lower Silesian cities the ones with the currently greatest and most attractive range of resources as regards medieval fortified architecture. The Authors made an attempt to assess the rolethat these fortifications play nowin the context of the attractiveness of the city landscape,its attractiveness for tourists and visual identity. The Green areas adjacent to the fortifications were also analysed recognizing the fact that they too provide recreational potential. Green areas enrich the space around the preserved fortifications, and their size and character does matter as well. The analysis encompasses 15 cities where fortifications have been preserved at over 30%. The purpose of this study was to select from among the investigated cities these of the biggest range of preserved elements of medieval fortified architecture along with their surrounding green areas which have a recreational potential. In order to show changes that took place over the years, time periods were selected: 20s–30s of the XX century, 60s–80s of the XX century and present time. The analyzed elements are fortified gates, towers, the length of the city wall in cities with single or dual defensive perimeter, and also the greenery areas around them. Out of the 15 of analysed towns 8 have been found to have a big potential. The preserved medieval fortifications could be a distinguishing factor of these sites through their right exposition in the city landscape and conservational restoration works and completions in their representative parts.
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The article presents proposals for expanding the function of urban parks to provide users with the possibilities of various forms of activity and spending their free time in an attractive way. The studies covered Janusz Kusociński Memorial Park in Olsztyn, proposing educational and sensory facilities. The proposal takes into account installations that help understanding of natural phenomena and carrying out experiments in the park space. It was also important to create space for arts.
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Spatial Diversity of the Development of Investments in Renewable Energy in the Context of Potential Effect on Landscape
Zróżnicowanie przestrzenne rozwoju inwestycji z zakresu energetyki odnawialnej w Polsce w kontekście potencjalnego oddziaływania na krajobraz
Piotr Hektus
Eliza Kalbarczyk
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The aim of the work is to determine spatial diversity of the development of investments in renewable energy in Poland with a special focus on wind and solar farms. It has been found that distribution of renewable energy installations is very diverse spatially. Most wind installations are located in the northern and central part of the country. Solar power stations were mainly built in southern and eastern Poland. The development of wind power generation in the 21st century occurred most intensely until 2010. A new phenomenon is the development of solar power generation in the provinces of eastern Poland. The diversity of types and pace of the development of investments in renewable energy sources in Poland may result in a different scale and type of impact on landscape in particular regions of the country.
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