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No 1/2012, vol. 34 The New Trends in Landscaping Nowe tendencje w kształtowaniu krajobrazu SUMMARIES page 124 DOWNLOAD ALL (7,31 MB) |
PROBLEMS The Inspirations and the Arrangement Ideas in Design of Green Areas on the Example of Some Rural Tourism Facilities in Warmia and Mazury Inspiracje i pomysły aranżacyjne w projektowaniu terenów zieleni na przykładzie wybranych obiektów turystyki wiejskiej na Warmii i Mazurac Iwona Połucha {mooblock=SUMMARY} The paper focused on problems of design of rural gardens and their adaptation to the needs of tourism and recreation. It presents the sources of inspiration and some ideas for arrangement. The green areas around the rural tourism facilities combine the functions of home garden and a small public garden, intended for tourists. Development of these areas increases attractiveness of place and affects the image of the facilietes, also aims at maintaining the identity of the village. Owners of rural tourist enterprises are interested in animation or the focus of their offer. They should cooperate with garden designers, whose ideas are adapted to local conditions, take into account tradition of the place, style of architecture, and features of the countryside.{/mooblock} Therapy Garden - Study on the Example of the Rehabilitation Park in the Olympic Stadium in Wrocław Ogród terapeutyczny - studium na przykładzie parku rehabilitacyjnego na terenie Stadionu Olimpijskiego we Wrocławiu Aleksandra Lis Ewa Podhajska Lucyna Górska-Kłęk {mooblock=SUMMARY} This paper describes the analysis and structuring of ways of proceeding and patterns of spatial-formal solutions of the rehabilitation park designed in terms to minimize its cost. Research groups were students of landscape architecture (University of Environmental and Life Sciences in Wrocław) and Physiotherapy (College of Physical Education in Wrocław) solving a real project problem - the concept of a rehabilitation park at the rehabilitation center and the Academy of Physical Education in the Olympic Stadium in Wrocław. There were used in this work the analytical and synthetic methods - starting with an analysis of conditions and restrictions, diagnose of problems and determining the underlying assumptions, the possible lines of the project action were crystallized consolidating them into clear structures. The presented results of research and conceptual works of authors and research groups show that the primary factor influencing the structuring of the right directions of the spatial-program modeling of park with a rehabilitation function are not only targets of rehabilitation programs, but also the economic conditions - in this case the assumption of low-budget project that seemingly restricting possibilities of activities influenced as a result these activities clean-up and stimulated the responsible choices.{/mooblock} The Holiday Functions but the Landscape of the Mountain's Village Eastern Sudeten Mountains - the Case Study or the Determination Funkcja wypoczynkowa a krajobraz wsi górskich Sudetów Wschodnich - studium przypadku czy determinacji Jerzy Oleszek {mooblock=SUMMARY} Highlands are an area predisposed to the development of the holiday function, hence the essential problem: - whether the current figure of the holiday infrastructure enriches or lowers a value of the landscape villages of the Eastern Sudeten Mountains. Analyses are indicating the huge asymmetry between raised still in 70ties or 80ties, holiday objects, located in the space of the village of holiday houses and old, often neglected country building development. The number of weekend objects new, being characterized by a different form of the lump, or the attempt of the reactivation of wooden buildings, it causes of the gradual disappearance of the local form and the decline of the historically formed landscape of the village. A new formula is formed; the profile is still unclear however.{/mooblock} LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY Ecological Housing-Estates and the Landscape (in a Polish Way) Osiedla ekologiczne a krajobraz (po polsku) Jan Kamiński {mooblock=SUMMARY} The article presents present condition of development of ecological housing estates in Poland and suggests the way to make housing estate friendly for the landscape. The main thesis of article is that: housing estate can be regarded truly ecological if it is friendly for the landscape, which is an important component of the environment. Phenomenon of ecological housing estates is marked by diversity in understanding the idea and ways of its realization. It includes: theoretical studies, activity of architecture enthusiasts, realizations of real estate development and initiatives at the stage of a project. Additionally, there are some situations when an "ecological housing estate" is only a name - it serves solely as a way to built new housing estates in protected areas or achieve other commercial targets. All these occurrences are creating new phenomena in Polish landscape. Essential conditions with is necessary to take into consideration at design and realization the ecological housing estates are: location, spatial structure, functional solutions, architectural form, and the applied technologies. Order of named terms, corresponding to their importance, can be a pattern of the method of the planning and the evaluation of ecological housing estates.{/mooblock} Searching for New Postindustrial Landscape Areas Poszukiwanie nowego krajobrazu obszarów poprzemysłowych Alina Pancewicz {mooblock=SUMMARY} Today, in cities and postindustrial agglomerations the presence of degraded areas, their scale, lack of ideas for re-use, breadth of hazards, lack of planning tools and methods and financial resources, makes the restoration of balance between nature and culture, while meeting the needs of man, is complicated. The restoration of the landscape, equivalent to the achievement of balance between the natural and built environment becomes, in many cases, a luxury that not every city or region can afford. In many cases, however, what constitutes a threat can become an opportunity to create a new image of the postindustrial areas. Sometimes the bold vision and a creative approach are enough to see in the degraded landscape the beauty and turn it into a new quality.The new landscape is creating, which can be harmonious despite the scale of transformations. The challenge for the conversion of postindustrial landscapes is a combination of technological solutions with the social and environmental factor, while the process of creative finding new values. In this context, identification of natural values of the postindustrial areas, an indication of particularly valuable places worthy of protection, preservation or processing, and new management, took on special significance. An opportunity that can bring the postindustrial areas economic, social and environmental benefits becomes the use of the anthropogenic elements of the natural environment such as: dumps, pits or artificial water reservoirs. Creating through them a new landscape the features of the individual degraded elements are no longer only peculiarities, they become distinctive values of an area. In combination with the possibility of forming a new image and the necessary technical innovation, these values are an attraction, whose popularity and skillful use can restore the spatial order and affect the perception way of contemporary cities and postindustrial agglomerations.{/mooblock} PRESENTATIONS New Prospects for the Documentation of Historic Garden Layouts, Illustrated with the Example of the Palace and Park Complex in Maluszyn Nowe możliwości dokumentowania historycznych założeń ogrodowych na przykładzie zespołu pałacowo-parkowego w Maluszynie Iwona Brankiewicz Małgorzata Milecka {mooblock=SUMMARY} The method of the elementary study of resources, and the current state and forms of heritage protection for historic garden layouts, are defined by the guidelines for the compiling of records for horticultural monuments (in accordance with the all-Polish programme of records of historic gardens). This method is generally used and very valuable, as thanks to this there are standard, reviewed documentations of historical garden and landscape compositions nationwide. It needs to be emphasised, however, that a large number of records compiled at the beginning of the programme (in the years 1970-1980) do not meet the requirements specified for such documentations, and, above all, they are out of date. At the same time this record is frequently the only documentation of a historic garden, based on which elementary restorers' decisions are made, and it also often represents the only source of knowledge about such a monument, so is used for all kinds of purposes. The updating of documentation for historic garden compositions is for many reasons a matter of great urgency and in the context of the tools available at the moment, and the increasing number of qualified people, it seem possible for it to be conducted effectively. Current documentation, compiled in accordance with a unified method, would definitely contribute to an improvement in historic landscape management, including the making of the right decisions in terms of restoration and planning. Updates of records would form the basis for defining the real transformations of garden layouts which had occurred since the time of compiling the first recorded documents, and which also represents great value. This would allow the definition of the directions for the evolution of historical compositions and the identification of threats, and, in consequence, to determine the right means of conservation for the diminishing resources of Polish garden design. The subject used as an example in this article to present the method of documenting and analysing spatial transformations is the park and palace complex in Maluszyn, truly magnificent in the past, currently preserved in fragmentary condition and de facto evanescing in the modern settlement structure.{/mooblock} Revalorization of Historical Park in Rybieniec Rewaloryzacja parku dworskiego w Rybieńcu Maria Chojnacka Agnieszka Wilkaniec Piotr Urbański {mooblock=SUMMARY} Manorial estate in Rybieniec has been legally protected since year 1999, when it was included to register of monuments with number 17/Wlkp/A. Manor consist of manor house build in 1910 and park from the turn of XIXth and XXth century, with area of 2,7 ha. Manor farm, which were a part of Rybieniec manorial estate is not existing anymore. There is only one non historical, partly demolished building, elevated by PGR (Państwowe Gospodarstwo Rolne - State agricultural farm). Manor farm was used by PRG after Second World War. All spatial complex is picturesque localized on a slope over lake. Manor hause and park have good landscape exposition from a road leading to Rybieniec, because of high location in terrain.The aim of the studies is to investigate composition of trees and shrubs species and collecting information of historical spatial arrangement of the park. In 2009 garden inventory within dendrological inventory was made, also historical studies were completed. In 2010 project of revalorization of historical park were started. Due to completed studies richness of composition of trees and shrubs species was displayed also historical spatial arrangement of the park and arrangement of historical plantings were identified. Results of studies were used in revalorization project.{/mooblock} Landscape Identification as the Basis for Regeneration Model of Waterfronts in Gothenbourg in Sweden. "New - Known Landscape" Tożsamooeć krajobrazu podstawą programu rewitalizacji terenów nadwodnych w Goeteborgu w Szwecji. "Nowy - stary krajobraz" Eliza Sochacka-Sutkowska {mooblock=SUMMARY} Goteborg in Sweden is one of those harbour cities, which development has been determined by the functional issues of waterfront location, being in the past a world famous shipyard centre. Thereby city had remained cut off from the waterfront - in public aspect. Due to establish the sustainable development of the industrial waterfronts and make them accessible the city initiated in late 70-ties a regeneration process. Analysis of the Älvstranden Utveckling process allows to specify it, as a case of the long-term, nonlinear planning process - the comprehensive and successful investment, which is based on wide public participation. A determinant of the regeneration scheme was to take care of history embodied in area due to preserve the identity of developed area and gain the sustainability and high quality environment. The waterfront's public realm has became the functionally attractive and spatial unique. Housing, enterprise, science and commerce are developed besides preserved former shipyard infrastructure. The history is clearly legible in landscape and relationship between the inhabitants and environment is carefully encouraged. Developed waterfronts creates the identity of the entire city, through its significant new, but known expression of landscape.{/mooblock} Renewal of Industrial Cityscape. Case Study in Covilha, Portugal Odnowiony krajobraz poprzemysłowy. Studium przypadku w Covilha, Portugalia Anna Marta Włodarczyk {mooblock=SUMMARY} Miejski krajobraz Portugalii w XXI wieku jest zdominowany w dużej części przez procesy rewitalizacji. Geneza przemysłowej epoki produkcji wełny w Covilha sięga XVII wieku. Obszar w latach 1980-tych zaczyna się przekształcać w przestrzeń naukową. UBI (Uniwersytetu da Beira Interior). Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie różnych form krajobrazu urbanistycznego, uwzględniającego minione stulecia działalności człowieka.Obecnie w analizowanym mieście możemy obserwować proces odtwarzania (odnowy) panoram miejskich a także widoków o mniejszej skali. Jest to główny oryginalny wątek niniejszego opracowania. Wyniki pracy wydobywają walory krajobrazowego kształtowania dawnej przestrzeni przemysłowej. Podstawą artykułu jest literatura związana z tematem oraz badania in situ prowadzone w Portugalii od roku 2001 do chwili obecnej. {/mooblock} STANDARDS Scientific and Social Aspects of Postindustrial Areas' Revitalization of Emscher Landscape Park in Germany Priorytety przyrodnicze i społeczne w rewitalizacji terenów poprzemysłowych kompleksu Emscher Landschaftspark w Niemczech Kinga Kimic {mooblock=SUMMARY} The Emscher Landscape Park complex, situated at the Emscher River's surroundings in the State of North Rhine-Westphalia's Ruhr coalbasin, was created on strongly demoted post-industrial terrains. Since 90's of 20th century there have been served a purpose to restore them into the nature. The revitalization's processes concerned on two equivalent priorities: scientific and social. Scientific aspect based on renaturation connected with creation of potential conditions to revegetation and plants' development, then initiation of constant natural processes. Fundamental tasks of social aspect based on improving the inhabitants' quality of life: the assurance of contact with nature, the possibility of many forms of rest's realized in public parks, gardens and open landscape. Also based on the regional post-industrial objects' cultural features' preservation connected with it's secular tradition. Both directions of development stay in close relation completing each other.{/mooblock} The Exemplary Set of Benchmarks for Degree Programmes in Landscape Architecture Przykładowy zbiór efektów kształcenia dla kierunku architektura krajobrazu Zbigniew Kuriata Aleksandra Lis Łukasz Pardela {mooblock=SUMMARY} The idea of opportunity of knowledge acquisition at several different academic centers has led to the concept of a European Higher Education Area (EOSW), where will oblige the common principles of organization of higher education. Assuming that this idea is feasible when there are tools for comparing the qualifications obtained in different areas and forms of learning in different locations, there were provided the frameworks of qualifications - the European and National frameworks. The project of 10 September 2010 amending the Law on Higher Education assumed that the basis for training programs at colleges and universities will be the National Qualifications Frameworks for Higher Education, including a description, with the term of learning outcomes, qualifications obtained in the Polish system of higher education. In addition, the minister responsible for higher education was to determine, by regulation, after consultation with the Central Council of Science and Higher Education, the standard learning outcomes for particular fields of study, considering the level and profile of education in different areas of education, as well as existing courses of study. The authors of the paper were part of a team that in 2011 prepared a sample set of learning outcomes for the course landscape architecture. They set out in this paper the main assumptions to develop.{/mooblock} River Valleys in Spatial Planning and Creation of Land-use Doliny rzeczne w planowaniu i zagospodarowaniu przestrzennym Wiesława Strabel {mooblock=SUMMARY} The paper is based on experiences in the field of the theory and praxis of spatial planning and creation of land-use of river valleys. The conclusions, which result from the analysed examples are presented in two aspects. The first introductory one, is the geomorphological point of view of spatial planning as a reaction towards the hitherto fact of overbuilding the areas of river valleys. The second one is underlining the cultural and landscape values in spatial land-use of river valleys. This seems to be the chance for the present urban planning, since making the new revitalised public spaces accessible for inhabitants of cities and towns is significant. The examples here are, among others, the author's projects of landuse plans, master plans, and the projects realised in praxis.{/mooblock} FORUM Fortification Landscape as Training Ground for the Exchange of Educational and Scientific Experiences Krajobraz forteczny poligonem wymiany doświadczeń edukacyjno-naukowych Zofia Mavar Dražen Arbutina {mooblock=SUMMARY} The Austrian monarchy, in particular the military authorities of the Austrian cesarian court, had important contribution in shaping the cultural landscape of Croatia since the eighteenth century to the First World War. In the system of fortress landscapes Pula occupies an important place, a city located in the southwestern part of the peninsula Istra. Since the mid-nineteenth century to the 90s of the twentieth century, a major factor in development of the city was a military function. The impressive resource of defense architecture considering of continuation of the military functions was for decades not available to researchers. Only the political change in the 90's open up the possibility of systematic recording and stimulation test program, and at the same time and effective methods to protect endangered resources and seeking ways of the new development. Realization of the program with the participation of students initiated the Board of Preservation of Monuments of the Ministry of Culture, and the work was inaugurated in 2001. The clearly defined program had the objective of exchanging of informations and training in the assembly of historical and technical documentation, in performing the documentation of preservation state, and all studies and analysis for the valorization, as well as proposals for the sanitation of objects and land development. The field education program was supported by seminar lectures on selected topics, and numerous discussions. Due to the lack of native specialists in the field of defensive architecture it appeared to need to use the experience of professionals and researchers from another country. In the first years of the program were attended students of architecture from home and abroad, and with the development of the program in later years and other fields of study: landscape architecture, art history, construction, geography, even the fine arts. The article points the decennary experiences in the organization of field and research work, and preparation of students for professional communication and interdisciplinary collaboration. Workshop of Board of Cultural Heritage Protection of the Ministry of Culture of the Republic of Croatia proved to be very good training ground for the improvement of educational and professional working methods in the field of protection and revalorization of monuments and cultural landscape. Fieldwork experiences are reflected in the development of curricula, and often influenced the selection of semester work, graduate and even doctoral work items. In the final part of the article it includes the evaluation of the long-term cooperation and results of workshops by a representative of academic environment, which participated in the workshops.{/mooblock} Barcelona Parks - since Modernisme Style up to Contemporary Formation of "Anew" Landscapes Parki Barcelony - od stylu modernisme po współczesne krajobrazy tworzone "od-nowa" Izabela Sykta {mooblock=SUMMARY} Presented in the article review of former and contemporary parks in Barcelona starts with the objects representative for the Catalonian trend of Art Nouveau, defined here as modernisme style. It was signalized in local garden art at the end of 19th century in Ciutadella Park, and then developed in successive realizations up to the thirties of 20th century, with its most emblematic creation - Park Güell, designed by Antoni Gaudi. Changes in the landscape composition and parquitecture material up to contemporary times have been visible in creative evolution and transformation of modernisme tradition, and - on the other hand - in new, disregarding from tradition individual search. The most distinguished realizations presenting this trend are parks located at postindustrial areas (i.e. Parc de l'Espanya Industrial, Parc de la Creueta del Coll), 'olimpic' parks, realized for Olimpic Games in 1992 in Barcelona (i.e. parks at Montjüic, Parc de les Cascades, Parc de la Vall d'Hebron), thematic gardens (i.e. Barcelona Botanical Garden) and anew landscapes, such as Parc Central de Nou Barris, Parc de l'Estació del Nord, Parc Diagonal Mar, Parc del Auditoris and many others. These newest contemporary objects - concentrated on anew creation - surprise with different ways of sculpturing landscape using original sculptural installations, land art techniques and artistic and structural potentiality of concrete and steel. Greenery as a parquitecture material plays complementing role and seems to be subordinated by architectural and sculptural creation. This characteristic for new Barcelona parks feature infixes into the newest global tendencies in designing of public parks. But by the other hand - especially in the context of sculptural modeling of space - we can find in their disposition and individual elements reverberating echoes of creativity of Gaudi and other artists of modernisme style.{/mooblock} Space and Time in Art Space and Time in Art Przestrzeń i czas w sztuce Larissa L. Alekseyeva {mooblock=SUMMARY} Na przestrzeni wieków obserwuje się łączność dwóch dziedzin sztuki - architektury i muzyki. Artykuł opiera się na idei Schellinga "architektura jest muzyką w przestrzeni". W tekście omówiono przykłady gotyckich katedr w Kolonii i Wrocławiu, stanowiących inspirację muzyki Schumanna, następnie pałacu Alhambra będącego natchnieniem preludium Debussy'ego oraz architektury Kijowa mającej wpływ na muzykę Mussorgskiego. Zrozumienie łączności dzieł architektury i muzyki może okazać się pomocne w artystycznym rozwoju młodzieży.{/mooblock} |
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No 2/2012, vol. 35 The Rural Space - Endangered Heritage Wiejska przestrzeń - zagrożone dziedzictwo SUMMARIES page 140 DOWNLOAD ALL (9,06 MB) |
PROBLEMS The Village Renewal with the Use of the European Funds - Untapped Opportunity for Revitalization Odnowa wsi z wykorzystaniem środków europejskich - niewykorzystana szansa na rewitalizację Ryszard Wilczyński {mooblock=SUMMARY} This article summarizes the scope and nature of the rural renewal projects supported by the EU funds. The top-down method of implementation of these projects, far from the essence of village renewal as a means of development of the rural areas, utilizing the revitalization paradigm, dominated the perception of this concept in Poland. However, the scale of the projects created an opportunity (utilized in a small way) to boost revitalization of the rural space, which could be a model character of the qualitatively good projects. In consideration of the revitalization, the aim of which is to give the town (the rural area) development impulses, with the model example of Rhineland-Palatinate, the achievable regional results were illustrated, and the situation in this field in the country was critically assessed. Treating the project as a revitalizing factor, depending on the stage of development processes in the environment of its implementation, there was proposed the concept of the revitalization potential of project, consisting of revaluation properties and useful values. The causes and consequences of the choice of projects for implementation were analyzed without quality criterion. Then the method of assessing the quality of the project was proposed, with the intention of applying it in the support programs of the rural areas in the years 2014 to 2020. In the assessment formula expressed in writing: the quality of the project = (valorization properties + utility properties) x level of innovation, there was highlighted the importance of innovation as an integrating element of the impact of the project and impact of the funding program. Using this method, was carried out partial, because concerning the revaluation properties, the assessment of collection of SPO and PROW projects implemented in the province Silesia. The results showed that the done project contributed infinitesimally to the revitalization of the village, which demonstrates the need to take into account the criterion of quality in the support mechanisms{/mooblock} Fragmentation of Space and Fragmented Landscape - the Fate or Just an Episode in the Rural Landscape History Fragmentacja przestrzeni i krajobraz odłamków - nieuniknione przeznaczenie czy epizod w historii wiejskiego krajobrazu? Aleksander Böhm {mooblock=SUMMARY} The increasing of chaos of space between "city" and "nature" is not an episode, which we can to bide one`s time, and after than everything will return automatically to the former harmony. Instead of inventory of fleeting order we need the reinvention. A new concept for the economically balanced beauty, it is a task for the professional elites. That kind of invention can not be created by the public. It needs the effort of personality - not community. In consequence, one more work is needed - to transform the opinion of majority, according to the opinion represented by minority. In our democracy it is possible only by showing of the pecuniary profits coming from such an enterprise.{/mooblock} The Cultural Heritage Resource of the Opole Village and Methods for Its Protection Zasób dziedzictwa kulturowego wsi opolskiej i sposoby jego ochrony Iwona Solisz {mooblock=SUMMARY} The purpose of this paper is to discuss issues related to the protection of the historic villages taking into account the characteristics of the resources and institutional activities undertaken for the preservation of that heritage in the Opole region. The paper characterizes the cultural heritage resources of the Opole village in the of historical, architectural and legal context. The paper discusses in detail the work of team for preservation of the cultural heritage of villages and protection of the rural landscape, working with the Governor of Opole since 2008. In the framework of goals set by the team there was adopted and largely completed the following activities program: to recognize of achievements of institutions dealing with these problematic aspects, to explore the historical resource of the Opole village in the field, documentation and valorization of the resource, specifying the most valuable resources (more than 100 villages covered by the demand of protection), proposals for protection activities - recommendations for the individual institutions, activation of the local community, educational activities. The paper presents the used research methods and examples of the taken actions under the program.{/mooblock} The Distinguishing Features of the Cultural Heritage of Rural Areas Wyróżniki dziedzictwa kulturowego obszarów wiejskich Irena Niedźwiecka-Filipiak {mooblock=SUMMARY} The today's the village is no longer the place of residence of people only engaged in agricultural production, whereby the former building development designed to serve different functions in this connection is no longer needed. Farm buildings located in the old rural farms: barns, livestock buildings and other outbuildings, if they have not found a new function they are now falling into ruin and disappear from the landscape of the village. One of possibility to appropriate shape the rural area is to determine the parameters of the rural landscape, which is its essential features, and then including them in all investment activities in the rural areas, or on their basis creating a future image of the village. It is very important for this reason, so that rural areas do not lost their individual character. The distinguishing features of the rural areas may be inspiration to create new things with a high standard, however, in line with what is exiting.{/mooblock} LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY Changes in the Rural Landscape and the Legal-Economic Conditions Landscape Areas Zmiany w wiejskim krajobrazie a uwarunkowania prawno-ekonomiczne Marek Wiland {mooblock=SUMMARY} Today, in cities and postindustrial agglomerations the presence of degraded areas, their scale, lack of ideas for re-use, breadth of hazards, lack of planning tools and methods and financial resources, makes the restoration of balance between nature and culture, while meeting the needs of man, is complicated. The restoration of the landscape, equivalent to the achievement of balance between the natural and built environment becomes, in many cases, a luxury that not every city or region can afford. In many cases, however, what constitutes a threat can become an opportunity to create a new image of the postindustrial areas. Sometimes the bold vision and a creative approach are enough to see in the degraded landscape the beauty and turn it into a new quality.The new landscape is creating, which can be harmonious despite the scale of transformations. The challenge for the conversion of postindustrial landscapes is a combination of technological solutions with the social and environmental factor, while the process of creative finding new values. In this context, identification of natural values of the postindustrial areas, an indication of particularly valuable places worthy of protection, preservation or processing, and new management, took on special significance. An opportunity that can bring the postindustrial areas economic, social and environmental benefits becomes the use of the anthropogenic elements of the natural environment such as: dumps, pits or artificial water reservoirs. Creating through them a new landscape the features of the individual degraded elements are no longer only peculiarities, they become distinctive values of an area. In combination with the possibility of forming a new image and the necessary technical innovation, these values are an attraction, whose popularity and skillful use can restore the spatial order and affect the perception way of contemporary cities and postindustrial agglomerations.{/mooblock} Registration of Cultural Heritage of Village on the Background of Transformation of Identity of Place in the Lanscape Zapis dziedzictwa kulturowego wsi w kontekście zmian tożsamości miejsca w krajobrazie Zbigniew Myczkowski {mooblock=SUMMARY} In Poland, a new social and economic reality has been established, changes in the political system introduced, accompanied by a real yearning and urge for democracy. The latter is often seen as an unlimited freedom of action directed by a rapacious desire for possessions and aspirations to catch up on those lost decades. Those factors constitute a serious threat to landscape and its components: the cultural heritage and natural environment; they also hit the individual, community, and national identity. The main idea of this dissertation (qualifying for the degree of the assistant professor) was to prove that the landscape surrounding us is a projection of identity and a synthesis of everything that makes an environment which:
While developing this thesis three theoretical approaches considered by the author of this dissertation. The most essential have been discussed with reference to the practice within the research field of the landscape architecture. The are identity and place; identity and time (in the light of continuous changes and the "passing away of persons belonging to this world"); and, identity and landscape (with a special "inclination" towards the landscape of culture within those regions). There have been presented the elaboration from cracow's school of landscape architecture among others: the chart of countryscape of jurassic villages and the chart of cultural heritage of locality as the instruments for activity in conservation of monuments, nature and spatial planning. {/mooblock} PRESENTATIONS Public Participation in Cultural Heritage Preservation {mooblock=SUMMARY} The style and level of the public debate concerning generally spatial management, including heritage preservation in Poland, is least to say unsatisfactory as the phrase 'public quarrel' would be closer to the mark. The countless conflicts not only render well-balanced project management difficult, if not altogether impossible but also contribute to numerous losses. Contradictions in this area cannot be avoided but there exist conflict prevention methods that can be mastered. It is great challenge, because progress in this area requires changes on customs and mentality of both public authority and society. Public participation in architecture is just a method of conflict prevention. The article presents a concept of participation suitable for current socio-cultural situation in Poland. {/mooblock} Dialogue with Tradition - the Interpretation of the Local Architecture Tradition in the Warmia and Mazuria Region {mooblock=SUMMARY} Gradually shaping for ages the rural landscape, according to the tradition and experience, is subject to the violent transformation. Confronted with the investment pressure, global process and progress in cultural landscape degradation observing in the 90s of the 20th century, it started to come back, very lively at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries, the ideas of regionalism. Since the mid-90s the landscape shaping and its preserving has been in the Warmia and Mazuria region actively and creatively undertaken by the olsztyńskie association the Cultural Community "Borussia". From that circle came out the impulse to invite tenders for the design of the modern house which had been inspired by the local tradition. In 2010 the competition "Twój dom - dialog z tradycją" ["Your house - the dialogue with tradition"] was organized by the Warmian and Mazurian Marshal Office, National Center for Historical Monuments Studies and Documentation (presently National Heritage Board of Poland) and Polish Architecture Association - Local Division in Olsztyn. The main goal of that competition was to find out and to popular some new models of the family housing for the rural lands which could have been a kind of the traditional building continuation. a point of departure for the creative interpretation of the most characteristic and valuable landscape and Warmian and Mazurian architecture motives was the monograph concerning the tradition of the regional housing and farm building. 184 designs from all over Poland entered into this project. Many of the participants made an attempt in creative and modern interpretation of the historical motives both in the form and the details and being also inspired by the farm buildings. Prized (4) and awarded (24) projects were prepared to be sold and have also been presented in the catalogue which was distributed in the region. The competition organizers believ, that the designs will wind the purchasers and the constructed houses will soon appear in the Warmian and Mazurian region raising its landscape value. {/mooblock} Landscape Protection and Shaping of the Rural Landscape in the Work of the Institute of Landscape Architecture, University of Environmental and Life Sciences in Wrocław {mooblock=SUMMARY} The concept of order, including the spatial order, should be the basis for any actions concerning the development of the space surrounding us that this particular symmetry between nature and the human activity could be preserved and could mark the harmonious compatibility and the correct interdependence of components. While the cultural heritage as an important element of national heritage, is fairly well protected (durability of the legal solutions, the stabilized structures of public administration, social awareness) is the landscape, especially the rural landscape, it is not properly protected and treated with care, and one of the reasons for this is a crisis situation in terms of spatial planning. Institute of Landscape Architecture at the University of Environmental and Life Sciences (IAK) participates in activities in support of rural leaders since 2001, when it was initiated cooperation with the Office of the Marshal of the Opole Province. Since 2004, there were works began in the Lower Silesia region in cooperation first with municipalities and the local action groups, and afterwards in cooperation with the Marshal Office of Lower Silesia. The employees of IAK has begun since that time training for the rural leaders, moderators, and local authorities, realizing topics related to the cultural heritage and landscape conservation of the village. They were conducted in both provinces, as well as in Silesia, Lublin and Great Poland voivodeship. {/mooblock} FORUM Between Theory and Practice. Activity of Office of Monuments Documentation in the Protection of the Rural Cultural Landscape in the Western Pomerania {mooblock=SUMMARY} Office for the Documentation of Historical Monuments in Szczecin is the voivodeship self-government cultural institution dedicated to the wider issues of cultural area of the Western Pomerania, in particular the documentation of architectural monuments, and also issues related to their care and custody. Within this range the BDZ works closely with the Western Pomeranian Voivodeship Conservator of Monuments and Area Branch of the National Heritage Institute. The BDZ has developed a Voivodeship Programme for the Protection of Monuments for the years 2008-2012 and monitors its implementation; it also created a study of cultural resource for the spatial development plan for the province. In the amendment were isolated 30 cultural-landscape areas and 43 potential landscape parks in which the protection of monuments should be integrated with the preservation of the natural environment values. The BDZ also monitors the work by the municipal records for monuments and municipal programs of monuments protection. The activities of the Office are directed also to the widely understood social education, the strengthening and deepening of the regional identity and respect for the tangible and intangible expressions of culture of Pomerania. These objectives are realized during the European Heritage Days, but also during the organized thematic workshops, after school activities for youth, occasional exhibitions and lectures. The cultural heritage of Pomerania needs, regardless of strict legal actions, also promotion; this purpose serve publications developed and published by the Office for the Documentation of Historical Monuments. {/mooblock} Heritage of the Greater Poland Village - Conservation Status, Threats, and Actions to Protect It {mooblock=SUMMARY} The material heritage of the Great Poland village should be considered inseparable with the spiritual values. That what is now characteristic for Greater Poland is the result of the centuries-old processes. This is apparent both in the settlement, construction, customs, folklore and cooking. The settlement landscape of Greater Poland was shaped by the medieval settlement, the rise of the feudal manor, various colonization actions from the XVII to the XIX century, including the Olęder settlement, the activity of the Prussian Commission for Settlement. In the XIX century processes of enfranchisement in the form of pooling, separation, and parceling and the industrial development have led to reconstruction of the village. The land reform in the interwar period, from 1925 and the PKWN decree on agricultural reform of 1944 have completed the changes. The clear imprint in all areas of life left the boundary of partition, which divided for over 100 years the homogeneous body which was Greater Poland. Differences between the parts of Greater Poland belonging to the Prussian and Russian partition despite the passage of more than 90 years, are still visible. The rural heritage of Greater Poland is preserved in the spatial configurations, with gables of houses set to the rural road, especially in the southwestern Greater Poland. It's also still the readable Olęder settlement, in the Nadnoteckie areas (marsh lanes - Polish rzędówki bagienne), and in the vicinity of Nowy Tomyśl, Lwówek and Trzciel (the dispersed settlement) and in the Pyzdrska Forest (river floodplains on the Warta and Prosna). Great Poland can boast a very large amount of preserved palaces, mansions, residences, parks and farms. Many of them represent a high artistic, architectural and spatial composition level. The dense settlement network which was already during the Middle Ages caused that there are in Greater Poland a lot of churches, both brick and timber and half-timbered churches, often very valuable. The agricultural landscape is characterized by windmills, mills, sugar mills, distilleries. Monuments of the railways are also noteworthy. Many objects are individually protected by registration in the register of monuments. Only 9 ruralistic formations in the region are listed in the register of monuments. Only 1 cultural park around of Żerków and Śmiełów was established until now. It is necessary to mention the numerous risks, the unfavorable changes which are taking place in a village in the last 20 years. There are also many positive aspects of 145 numerous operations. Just even to mention the Local Action Groups, Village Renewal movement, the Culinary Heritage network, various folk festivals associated with traditional food, etc. This article outlined only in a summary form the problems of an extremely rich and diverse heritage of the village of Great Poland. {/mooblock} "The Living Open-Air Museum Słowino" - Protection of the Pomeranian Cultural Landscape {mooblock=SUMMARY} Słowino - a village in the district Sławno - is a characteristic example of the traditional cultural landscape in Western Pomerania. The village preserved the oval shape spatial form together with the church (dominant) in the countryside, farm building structure and numerous examples of half-timbered building development, which are a specific kind of "saving" of history of the succeeding generations. Within the village we can see the harmony of centuries of tradition, highlighted by the interpenetration of the cultural and natural elements. Elements of the material heritage of the village are documented in the form of conservational and scientific-research studies and were presented at conferences, exhibitions and competitions. The educational activities contributed to promotion of Słowino in the coastal region, and to wake up the local patriotism and identification with the historical legacy - as evidenced by the adaptation of the historic homesteads in the year-round habitats and agri-tourism farms. On the basis of the existing human capital the project "The living open-air museum Słowino" was developed, which idea was to protect the cultural heritage, education and to popularize values of the halftimbered building development of the village, and ultimately to revitalize the historic buildings and harmonious development of the village. In the years 2006-2008, Office of the Documentation of Historical Monuments in Szczecin, in cooperation with the local community, local authorities and with support from MKiDN (Ministry of Culture and National Heritage) organized a conservational-construction workshop entitled "The old structures - new dreams." The purpose of these workshops was: the values demonstration of the traditional (half-timbered) rural construction, education of children and youth, the direct participation of the villagers, to obtain practical skills in the renovation of historic buildings and the use of the traditional designs as inspiration for new projects. The open and outdoor form of workshops was a village fete, was also an event of local cultural values. The result of these workshops was a common building of a stud wall that is now - along with an information board - a specific kind of tourist attraction of Słowino and is also a place for openair school activities of regionalism. These actions launched other projects within the village, such as the creation of lapidarium and the educational path ("The memory signs of the Darłowo land - in the footsteps of William Gross"), construction of an integration breezeway ("Act Locally"), editing of the international website of the village Słowino. {/mooblock} The Opole Desideratum about the Rural Space |
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No 4/2012, vol. 37 Water - an Element of Composition Woda - element kompozycyjny SUMMARIES page 97 DOWNLOAD ALL (10,2 MB) |
PROBLEMS Analysis of Water-Designning Art for Chinese Classical Private Gardens South of the Yangtze River Analiza sztuki projektowania założeń wodnych dla chińskich klasycznych prywatnych ogrodów na południe od rzeki Jangcy Xiong Hui Xiong XingYao {mooblock=SUMMARY} Prywatne ogrody na południe od rzeki Jangcy stają się klasyką chińskiej sztuki ogrodowej z powodu inteligentnych technik projektowania założeń wodnych. Techniki te naśladują naturę i w połączeniu z krajobrazem tworzą charakterystykę projektowania założeń wodnych „dużych, rozdzielających i małych, łączących”. Przebiega to poprzez artystyczny proces, który zachowuje rozsądną skalę wielkości, tworząc układy naprzemienne, dynamiczne lub statyczne. W artykule posłużono się przykładami ogrodów, the Humble Administrator’s Garden, the Garden of Pleasant and the master-of-Nets Garden, w których analizowano zasadę zależności układu przestrzeni wodnej od wielkości ogrodu. W konkluzji stwierdzono, że duży, prywatny ogród stanowi formę budynków otoczonych wodą; istnieje tu zależność budynki – woda. Natomiast małe, prywatne ogrody występują w postaci dwóch typów, w których:1) duża przestrzeń wodna znajduje się w centrum ogrodu i jest otoczona ścisłą zabudową, 2) przestrzeń wodna przenika się z budynkami i stanowi ich połączenie. {/mooblock} Style of Landscape Composition Styl kompozycji krajobrazowej Tadeusz J. Chmielewski Emilia Śliwczyńska {mooblock=SUMMARY} Currently the notion of style is more and more often criticized. Nevertheless, it still remains one of the key notions in the theory of art as well as architecture and landscape architecture. We can talk about style in literature, visual arts, music, architecture, gardening, about artistic style of certain regions or epochs. We should also be able to talk about styles of certain landscapes co-created by men, criteria of their identification, needs of protection and principles of shaping. This article explores the essence and attributes of landscape style and its regional diversification. It also demonstrates threats for identity of regions and localities coming from current processes of landscape transformation. The authors of the article notice that style is a reflection of canons of beauty and attractiveness (public demand) pervading in a given epoch. In landscape it is additionally a reflection of local, natural, cultural, economic and technological conditions. Cultural landscapes – despite many common distinguishing features – exhibit considerable regional diversity, which is sometimes so significant, that we can talk about specific styles of particular regions. Shaping of the particular landscape style needs a long-term vision of region development, respect for its natural and cultural heritage, regularity and determination of local people. landscape diversity is as strongly threatened as biological diversity and that is why it is crucial to draw much more attention to the issue of landscape style protection and shaping. The current scale of threats to the quality of landscape causes that local landscape studies should have a more significant rank in research, didactic and project works than they used to have.{/mooblock} Mines in the Landscape of Strzelin County Selected Examples of Land-Use after Mineral Excavation Areas Kopalnie w krajobrazie powiatu strzelińskiego wybrane przykłady zagospodarowania terenów poeksploatacyjnych Bartosz Jawecki {mooblock=SUMMARY} The paper presents issues dedicated to the extraction of natural resources and land use voids. Briefly sketched the geological structure of the county, the size of resources and raw material extraction in the county Strzelin. The selected examples of land reclamation of mined land and the exploitation of clastic sedimentary rocks, and extrusive igneous rocks and metamorphic rocks deep. Presented are the dominant trends in the county Strzelin rehabilitation of mined land and consequences no reclamation of mined land.{/mooblock} PRESENTATIONS Orangery Past and Today Oranżerie wczoraj i dziś Elżbieta Przesmycka Kamila Boguszewska {mooblock=SUMMARY} Orangery and greenhouses appeared in the sixteenth century. In addition to utilitarian feature they also served an aesthetic and recreational functions. Since the beginning of the twentieth century, new function is sought for them. The article describes the situation of these facilities in Poland. The main aim is to present the state of preservation of existing objects in lublin region (Poland). On the background of the history of architecture, it is discussed some examples of existing orangeris in the south-east of Poland.{/mooblock} Negative Impact of Recreation on Flood Embankments of Wielka Wyspa in Wrocław Negatywny wpływ rekreacji na wały przeciwpowodziowe Wielkiej Wyspy we Wrocławiu Kazimierz Chmura Halina Dzieżyc Maciej Piotrowski Anita Zygnerska {mooblock=SUMMARY} Flood embankments, apart from their primary function, which is to protect against flooding, due to their unique nature and landscape value, serve also as a place of recreation. Some forms of recreation practiced on embankments and their surroundings may, however, have negative effects on the environment and, in particular, contribute to the formation of damage that worsen the condition of these structures. In the area of embankments of Wielka Wyspa in Wrocław covered by these studies the following phenomena were observed: accumulation of waste thrown out by resting people, burned out grass in the interembankment zone and on the slopes, loss of vegetation (trampling) within the crest and slopes and in areas of recreation as well as presence of stumps of dead trees planted in the past for recreational purposes on the slopes or crest. One of the most adverse phenomenon is destruction of herbaceous vegetation growing on the embankment slope, which is antierosion protection. It takes the form of losses of vegetation around barriers restricting movement of the motor vehicles on embankments as well as the form of “wild paths”. The suggested solutions that will reduce the negative impact of recreation on the condition of Wielka Wyspa embankments include: continuous monitoring and maintenance of soil and vegetation with particular emphasis on areas exposed to human impact, rebuilding of barriers allowing pedestrians and cyclists to pass each other easily, creating hardened accesses to embankment in trampled areas (for example openwork plates or openwork pavement slabs).{/mooblock} Managing Areas Solutions in Waterfront Cities of Norway Rozwiązania zagospodarowania terenów nadwodnych w miastach Norwegii Halyna Petryshyn {mooblock=SUMMARY} The aim of the development of modern Norway is to combine the ideas of environmentalism, awareness of climate change, sustainable development guidelines along with the idea of community activity, and universal health care for citizens. The creation of contemporary architecture the method of Placemaking is implemented, which is seen as transforming program to create changes in the structure of cities in which the government and the community are involved. Feature of the waterfront public space is polyfunctionality and flexibility, introduced at different times through the environment-friendly, small forms and mobile equipment, as well as secured access to waterfront for pedestrians and cyclists.{/mooblock} Landscape of the Netherlands - (re)Construction Krajobraz Holandii od-nowa Maciej Stojak Łukasz Dworniczak {mooblock=SUMMARY} The article shows new Dutch urban realizations based on the VINeX strategy. It includes the descriptions of the new Amsterdam housing estates – Borneo Sporenburg and IJburg, Rotterdam urban intervention – The red Apple building, as well as minor scale investments called urban activators – Theater Podium Grotekerkplein and pedestrian tunnel under the Wilhelminaplein square. Quoted examples, diverse in scale – from urban to strictly architectural, are the models of newest landscape design tendencies. Scope and subject-matter of the land revision enables to assert that both – new urban and cultural landscapes – are designed simultanously in The Netherlands. looking at transformed and artificial landscape of Holland, one can understand the need of its restoration or from the start design. New largescale urban investments in The Netherlands are outstanding examples of hi-density housing structures and are worth paying attention to.{/mooblock} STANDARDS Gardens for People with Visual Disfunction in Comparison with their Expectations Ogrody dla osób z dysfunkcją wzroku w świetle ich oczekiwań Anita Woźny Anna Lauda {mooblock=SUMMARY} The aim of the present study was to show and estimate three gardens adapted to visit by people with disabilities, especially by the blind and poor sight people. In this paper Arboretum and Institute of Physiography in Bolestraszyce, botanical Garden – Center for biological Diversity Conservation of the Polish Academy of Sciences in Powsin (Warsaw, Poland) and didactic path in Myślęcinek (Bydgoszcz, Poland) were describe. After the recognition of the present gardens and evaluate for example tablets, surface or plants, to state, that The Sensory Garden Bolestraszyce has the best conditions for people with disabilities. Didactic path in Myślęcinek needs some changes, to be more friendly for this group of people.{/mooblock} Analysis of the Records of the Creation of Spatial Order in the Local Spatial Management Plans of Community Siechnice Analiza zapisów dotyczących kształtowania ładu przestrzennego w miejscowych planach zagospodarowania przestrzennego gminy Siechnice Beata Warczewska {mooblock=SUMMARY} The article brought closer to the concept of the spatial order, drew attention to the relationship between the space harmony and the ordering of relationships arising from the functional, socio-economic, environmental, cultural and compositional – aesthetic conditions and requirements. There were described the selected research and evaluation methods of the spatial order. The many-sidedness of the spatial order hinders its measurableness. The presented methods capture the issue in a fragmentary way. Tool for shaping of the spatial order at the local level is the local land management plan. The article presents an analysis of the records of the spatial order in the selected local land management plans of community Siechnice. In conclusions there was drew attention to the underutilization of regulatory possibilities of the local plans. The used records enable flexibility in shaping of the building development, they do not include the landscape values and the need to protect them, the determinations contained therein are too vague and restrictive. With these records the creation of the spatial order seems to be impossible.{/mooblock} FORUM Old and New Symbols of Wrocław Stare i nowe symbole Wrocławia Łukasz Damurski {mooblock=SUMMARY} This paper presents an overview of the changes in the image of Wrocław (Poland) in the postwar period. The most important and permanent symbols of the city have been listed: rynek (the market Place), ratusz (the City Hall), Ostrów Tumski with Cathedral, green areas and parks, Hala Stulecia. The survey from 2007 shows a big importance of immaterial values in perception of Wrocław, that is the aura of the city, pleasant people and unique history.The paper also tries to predict possible changes in the image of Wrocław in the future.{/mooblock} Death Knells for Homestead Podzwonne dla zagrody Małgorzata Drożdż-Szczybura {mooblock=SUMMARY} From the beginning of permanent settlement, a homestead, a place of work and living of a peasant family, was the first and basic element shaping the settlement landscape. It generated clear spatial solutions for an entire village. Since the end of the 20th century, a peasant homestead has been commonly losing its traditional function. living and production functions have been separated from each other and a homestead has no longer been a spatial solution the village development used to be marked by. It is characteristic of the turn of the 20th and 21st centuries that new forms of village and rural areas settlement developed. Traditional production homesteads belong mainly to the group of subsistence farms and partially to the group of semi-subsistence farms. No prospects for independent and unsubsidized growth of family subsistence farms and a part of semi-subsistence farms will result in continued operation and growth of large-scale farms in the years to come. Only very large area farms, which are mainly companies and cooperatives as well as those family farms which have more than 100 ha of plough land will be able to limit the cost of production and make a profit. In case such a scenario occurs, this will give rise to specialized, often monoculture, large farm agriculture, where a household is separated from a farmstead, the latter being regarded as a company. Change of the function, transformation of once typically agricultural villages into multifunctional centres, development of non-agricultural activities, and implementation of afforestation programmes will be finally accompanied by the disappearance of the existing homestead development from the majority of the rural areas and also the lack of new homestead development there. The landscape of rural areas used for agricultural purposes will be dominated by farmsteads with large area and single-species crop, greenhouses and livestock facilities making it possible for making maximum profit with the minimum expenditure. Besides, other objects of no permanent connection with the land will also prevail, including mobile buildings, storage sheds, and all-purpose rooms, and maybe in the not too distant future, there will also be vertical farms. Vertical objects, which for the time being partially remain in the sphere of futuristic designs, may also be located within the cities.{/mooblock} |
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No 3/2012, vol. 36 Research and Teaching Methods in Landscape Architecture Metody badawcze i dydaktyczne w architekturze krajobrazu SUMMARIES page 100 DOWNLOAD ALL (10,0 MB) |
PROBLEMS Scenic Analyses with Application of Digital Tools Analizy widokowe z użyciem narzędzi cyfrowych Agnieszka Ozimek
Paweł Ozimek
Piotr Łabędź
{mooblock=SUMMARY}
The aim of this paper is to present a method of landscape analysis with the application of computer techniques. In particular, it is useful in the case of decision making, concerning acceptability of the certain transformations of space, especially, when it has high visual qualities. The method is executed in several steps and the initial one consists in the creation of a digital terrain model, with regard to its cover. It serves for calculations of the visual impact extent. In the next stage, this area is investigated, taking into consideration its tourist and recreational activation. Panoramic photographs took in the fixed places are pre-processed, in order to distinguish cultural and natural substance. In the last phase, qualitative and quantitative analyses of views are conducted, indicators for which are, as follows: the average image brightness and its fractal dimension. Achieved numerical values can be helpful in the more objective expert decision making. {/mooblock} Valorisation of Views as an Element of the Landscape Study on the Example of Community Paczków Waloryzacja widoków jako element studium krajobrazowego na przykładzie gminy Paczków Jerzy Potyrała
Irena Niedźwiecka-Filipiak
Monika Ziemiańska Paweł Filipiak
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To properly compose a space at the community level its area should be analyzed taking into account the cultural and natural values and landscape values specified in sight from roads and valorisation of views. Such studies are aimed at the gradation of study area for spatial effects in the case of heavily accented investments there in the landscape. This article describes a method proposal of analysis for the municipality area taking into account the landscape values, this method was a one of the elements of study of the cultural landscape of the community Paczków done by a team of authors. In the first part of the paper the authors present the systematics of the well-known landscape valorisation methods, noting, inter alia, methods of the natural valorisation, valorisation methods of the cultural elements, planning and managerial valorisation methods. During the work on the study there was developed an authorial method of valorisation of panoramas and views presented in the further part of the study. After the preliminary analysis of the terrain and routes of the community Paczków the exhibi-tion space was selected within an average of 500 m from the locality, situated on the road leading to it. Of the selected points there were made photos of the village panoramas and open landscape with a viewing angle of about 90–1200. On their basis there were made drawings by processing the image of photo on linear composition taking into account the facture differences of individual planes. The number of plans and landform were analyzed (wing view, the emergence of a distant placed surfaces, hilliness of the area plane), then the degree of diversification of land cover (crop diversity, variety of colors, variety of surface structures). We analyzed the complexity of the habitat elements (the relationships between the saturation of buildings and surrounding greenery it, the types of systems of the mid-field green), and the degree of space orientation (emphasis of the road direction by vertical elements – rows and avenues of trees, its free and smooth direction, emphasizing the landscape elements receding in perspective). For each of these issues there were made 4 models of panoramic view with a four-level scale of complexity, with the assumption that with it grows the view attractiveness. In total, each panoramic image of the community area could get points in a scale from 4 to 16. It was assumed to consider as a medium attractive view in the range of 7 to 10 points, 11 points and above as a very attractive view and worthy of protection. The views of scoring 6 and below have no landscape value. The diverse composition of the view emphasized by the ordering element is, according to authors, of the greatest value. As it turns out, it has a strong relationship with the commonly understood cultural values. These are the view approaches to the traditionally shaped forms, and so, inter alia, the localities with the building development surrounded by high green, enriched with the dominant of church tower, the diversity of crop fields, alleys and roadside rows, free but dependent on landform the road line make the landscape so pleasant to receive. The conclusion here is that the developed method, based on the valorisation of purely spatial elements gives a good tool for assessing the value of the landscape, and in particular the degree of its consistency with the cultural values. {/mooblock} Possible Applications of Landscape Capacity Assessment in Spatial Planning in Suburban Areas Możliwości zastosowania oceny pojemności krajobrazu w planowaniu przestrzennym na obszarach podmiejskich Piotr Krajewski
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Studies on the landscape in Poland date back to the 20s of twentieth century. The precursor has been prof. Adam Wodziczko, the initiator of Polish national parks – Wolinski and Wielkopolski. He has promoted the field of science called “farming landscape”. Now it is identified with the shaping of the environment/landscape architecture. In a situation where the landscape is created by investors and the private interests of individuals for whom the choice of the investment place is crucial, the formation of a new building is far from full knowledge of the direct and indirect effects of location decisions. In this context, it is necessary to develop methods for assessing landscape capacity – the ability of landscape to absorb proposed development associated with human activities without losing the current value of the landscape. This method could be used in spatial planning. Studies on the landscape capacity have been taken for the first time in the 70s of the last century in the United States. As a result, they are an obligatory part of the analysis now, performed before the location of investment. For several years, the landscape capacity assessment is also part of the landscape analysis performed at the local level in Britain. Determination metrics of possible landscape transformations can be an excellent tool in monitoring and managing the landscape changes resulting from implementation of the assumptions contained in planning documents. The value of practical use of metrics increase especially in the protected areas and areas particularly vulnerable to the expansion of housing. The example of such areas, where keeping of the principles of sustainable development in spatial planning is very important, are suburban areas and the municipalities located in landscape parks and other protected areas. {/mooblock} Method for Assessing Recreational Usability of Complex Cultural Landscape Structures in Highly Urbanized Environments Metoda oceny przydatności rekreacyjnej złożonych struktur krajobrazu kulturowego w środowisku silnie zurbanizowanym Katarzyna Pałubska
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Among the tested methods of valorisation for recreation the analysis in terms of usefulness for recreational investment or attractiveness of recreation play a leading role (they relate to areas of highest natural values). There are many partial methods for assessing the usefulness of areas for recreation (or tourism) dependent on spatial scale, degree of assessment generalization and professional orientation of the author. For urban areas or regions the role of the diversity of the geographical environment and communication accessibility of the area (the planning and spatial aspect,) stands out in the foreground. In studies on a local scale assessments of the resilience and health properties of the natural environment (the physiographic or phytosociological aspect) or following the needs of the people (the social aspect) are becoming more important. The new issue is a orientation of the conservational valorisation methods on determining of the recreation suitability of the cultural landscape of cities. The proper assessment of the recreation usefulness of historical areas needs by author to develop an indirect method, in which the analysis of the individual components of the geographical environment would impose usage patterns, taking into account the investment and spatial availability of areas, and natural and cultural values as elements of co-creating a harmonious landscape. Also the economic factors affecting the value of the land, and so far included occasionally have been subjected to a more detailed evaluation. The developed method of assessing the recreation usefulness of complex structures of the cultural landscape was based on the analysis of fortification works, preserved in the spatial structure of Warsaw. The method is based on the selected subgroups of criteria:
The primary criteria determine the current investment availability of areas and depend mainly on the way of development and use, ownership structure and purpose in the planning records. The secondary criteria determine the values of the area in terms of program and type of recreational behaviors. {/mooblock} LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY Eco Energy Anthropopression in the Landscape for Example the Wind Park "Lipniki" Antropopresja ekoenergetyczna w krajobrazie na przykładzie Parku Wiatrowego "Lipniki" Tomasz Malczyk
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The needs changeability of the society conditioned its development, and also the growth of the consciousness of new challenges about the regional and global character, trigger of the pressure on environment and scenery. The one of the significant forms of anthropopression is the influence in the ecoenergy aspect. The introduction of elements realizing this kind of the pressure, in a measurable way influences on the environment and shapes the landscape. This challenge sets the new trajectory of the procedure to make difficult decisions in the area of landscape. The needs changeability of the society conditioned its development, and also the growth of the consciousness of new challenges about the regional and global character, trigger of the pressure on environment and scenery. The one of the significant forms of anthropopression is the influence in the ecoenergy aspect. The introduction of elements realizing this kind of the pressure, in a measurable way influences on the environment and shapes the landscape. This challenge sets the new trajectory of the procedure to make difficult decisions in the area of landscape. {/mooblock} Landscape and Floristic Evaluation of Organic and Conventional Farms from the Region of the Brodnica Lake District and the Valley of the Low Vistula River Ocena krajobrazowa i florystyczna wybranych gospodarstw ekologicznych i konwencjonalnych z regionu Pojezierza Brodnickiego i Doliny Dolnej Wisły Konrad Majtka
Grzegorz Bukowski
Ewa Koreleska
{mooblock=SUMMARY}
At the scientific work they made an appraisal of chosen agricultural farms running the production with environmental and conventional methods. The area of the research included the Brodnica lake district and the Valley of the Lower Vistula, two very valuable areas under the angle of the conservation of nature and biodiversity. They conducted research in 2008–2010 years in ecological and conventional area belongings in the support about applied and accepted German method of estimation of the landscape Söhngena called, adopted to Polish conditions. Such a storage payment was analysed as: forming the area, flora, surface waters, according to parameters exploited in this method of estimation of the landscape. A floristic list and indicator of resemblances, are supplementing the evaluation of Sörensena parameter counted for analysed farms. A comparison and an evaluation of organic and conventional farms are a purpose of the work, finding resemblances and landscape and floristic, conditioned differences with the scope of research and the specificity and the value of the landscape with nature plane. {/mooblock} Scenery Protection in the Aspect of the Development of Renewable Energy Sources and Spatial Planning Policy in an Administrative Commune as Exemplified by the Administrative Commune of Krotoszyce Ochrona krajobrazu w aspektach rozwoju źródeł energii odnawialnej i polityki przestrzennej gminy, na przykładzie gminy Krotoszyce Anna Bazan-Krzywoszańska
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On the 11th of July 2003 the bill on spatial planning and development of 27th of March 2003 became law (the Journal of Laws of the Republic of Poland, 2003; No. 80, item 717 – the uniform text with later changes), which together with the law of the 7th of July 1994 – the Building Code (the Journal of Laws of the Republic of Poland, 2010; No. 243, item 1623 – uniform text) and technical regulations provides legal foundations in Poland for the investment process. The content of the binding legal regulations, including the relations between them and the enforcement of the law introduced by them, means that in most cases, because of lack of precision as far as the relation of one regulation to another is concerned, these regulations are impracticable. In terms of the spatial policies of administrative communes, including the possibility of obtaining sources of renewable energy appearing on the basis of the study of conditions and directions of spatial development, the problem of scenery protection is a component with quite a strong influence. Lack of legal obligation, within statutory areas of interest, for institutions responsible for scenery protection to enforce regulations providing ideas for directions of development should be regarded as a factor hindering the investment process. This factor considerably prolongs realisation time at the stage of preparing planning documents, mainly because of the necessity to provide additional analyses. {/mooblock} PRESENTATIONS The New Landscape of Old Residential Districts of Lublin Nowy krajobraz starych dzielnic mieszkaniowych Lublina Elżbieta Przesmycka
Małgorzata Sosnowska
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Article raises issues of changes in the landscape of residential areas Lublin created between the late 40s to early 60s: Housing estates Racławicka Dzielnica Mieszkaniowa (RDM), housing estates of Zakłady Osiedli Robotniczych (ZOR): Zachód, Bronowice, Tatary and the first settlements of Lublin Housing Association (LSM): Mickiewicz housing estate. In the area of described settlements still remained examples of architecture and architectural details from the period of 50s, typical for the period of socialirealism. Currently, in these settlements appear contemporary forms of land development. Unfortunately, as a result of renovation of residential buildings, the architectural details are eliminated of interior walls (including window frames, wall mosaics, etc.), in exchange, a new color of the facade is introduced. As a result of changes in ownership, some blocks are becoming residential communities. Appear their own, individual development of green areas. They are adjacent to other forms of development pursued by the management of cooperatives. In parallel, there are local community activities that complement the overall spatial chaos. {/mooblock} MATERIALS The Indigenous Building Materials as an Indicator of the Harmonious Landscape of the Region Troad in Turkey Rodzime materiały budowlane jako wyznacznik harmonijnego krajobrazu regionu Troad w Turcji Anna Podolska
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Over the centuries, the residential development, regardless of cubature or location stood out in the landscape through form, color or composition layout. Works of construction or architecture unique for the selected area, in which they became were its determinant, identifier. Becoming a part of the cultural landscape the building development affects the visual perception and provides the identity of the place. The cited in the article the Troad region also has a clear differentiator, which is a local rock material. With it, not only the space transformed by man but also the natural landscape are characterized by the local coloring, which is identified with a specific location. {/mooblock} STANDARDS Shaping an Attitude in Landscape Architecture Students Towards Disabled Users Kształtowanie wrażliwości studentów architektury krajobrazu na problemy osób niepełnosprawnych Hanna Marszałek
Kamila Adamczyk
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The standards of accessibility for buildings and their surrounding are regulated by legislative norms. However the efficient and really useful solutions are noticeable only by personal and physical experience. To make the issue closer to the future designers, it was created a subject, possible to select by students, titled “Users with disabilities in public spaces”. It is divided into lecture and practical classes. The Lectures contain the following issues: types of disabilities, legal norms, ergonomics parameters, examples of universal solutions (in accordance with Design for All) as well as tourism and recreation of people with disabilities. The practical classes give to the students chance to get physical experience of architectural, terrain, communications and social barriers well known by disabled users. To accomplished this aim, we use following equipments: wheelchairs, crutches, walking frames, white canes and weights for imitation of an old age. Thanks to the equipments it is possible to feel as a persons with different types of disabilities. During the classes students consecutive assess accessibility of buildings in Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences complex and selected parts of urban spaces. The final task is to write a report of accessibility contains as well propositions of solutions in accordance with Design for All. The subject “Users with disabilities in public spaces” is popular with students. It is chosen by them every year and the participates are very committed to their tasks during classes. The mail aim of the subject, which is shaping sensitivity in future designers of public space, will be the practical expressed in their career. {/mooblock} FORUM The Landscape Valorization of Śnieżnik Hiking Trails Waloryzacja krajobrazowa szlaków turystycznych Masywu Śnieżnika Krystyna Bryś
Justyna Woszczyk {mooblock=SUMMARY}
In areas of high natural beauty and landscape values the main problem is to maintain a balance between the protection and sharing. Over-activation of tourism and holiday traffic may lead to the irreversible degradation of the landscape or the destruction of its most important components that determine the attractiveness of the place. In this regard, reasonable, balanced policy and practice of spatial development of such areas should be guided, as a long-term goal, the need to preserve the attractiveness of the place, rather than temporary economic interests. This requires a prior inventory of such places, a proper assessment of their values and recognize the existing situation on the ground, including for possible corrective action to restore the attractiveness of the place. An important role in these activities are suitable layout and demarcation of hiking trails and their landscape valorization. This issue have been analysed on an example of the valuation of landscape attractiveness along a chosen hiking tourist route (Bolesławów – Kletno – Hala pod Śnieżnikiem – Śnieżnik) in the Massif of Śnieżnik in the East Sudety Mts The valuation of landscape was based on giving points to individual elements of landscape on a scale 1–5. At each point along the route, 10 elements of landscape was subject to an assessment. They are: terrain, flora, fauna, water, process and cultural transformation, the elements of the cultural environment, composition, color, originality and visual experience (individual assessment). Detailed rules for the assessment contained in the master table. Scoring for each stage of the route has been averaged. As a result, it was established an impressions curve on a graph, showing the variability along the landscape. Based on the obtained scale values of the landscape, along a route was determined areas with a very high, high, medium, low and very low values of landscape. {/mooblock} Jacek Burdziński
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Along with an intensive development of individual motorization in Poland in last twenty years, appeared the requirements of new widest ways, circular railroads and highways and accompanying them it more sizeable but through greatest car parks. Many of them was built in this period on new residential housing estates and at stations, administrative, business, sports objects or other services. Unfortunately, majority field of used surface car parks does not effect on esthetics of cultural landscape positively, but on the contrary, through lack of imagination of planner and technical bad condition, it effects on its picture negatively. Areas of car parks function as dull element of grey daily landscape in consciousness of inhabitants. They are treated as all its own necessary evil, forced by structure of object they are the back of communication for.Especially fields of oldest car parks presently spoil the landscape. Theirs picture requires indispensable correction and creative intervention of architect of landscape. Hereby article is dedicated to this question and especially to the possible and checked manners of improvement in the general picture of areas of back of vehicular traffic in existing context of cultural landscape. The existing condition, actual needs, according to obligatory capacity indicators and also chances on correcting the state of esthetics of parking objects are discussed in it. They are advisable a possibilities of harmonious composing parking surfaces to the public areas as well as analysis of methods improving the visual appearance of car parks by combination them with vegetable robe and application of ecological surfaces for example. Parking areas instead to disfigure the landscape can contribute to a positive image of it. {/mooblock} |
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