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This article summarizes the scope and nature of the rural renewal projects supported by the EU funds. The top-down method of implementation of these projects, far from the essence of village renewal as a means of development of the rural areas, utilizing the revitalization paradigm, dominated the perception of this concept in Poland. However, the scale of the projects created an opportunity (utilized in a small way) to boost revitalization of the rural space, which could be a model character of the qualitatively good projects. In consideration of the revitalization, the aim of which is to give the town (the rural area) development impulses, with the model example of Rhineland-Palatinate, the achievable regional results were illustrated, and the situation in this field in the country was critically assessed. Treating the project as a revitalizing factor, depending on the stage of development processes in the environment of its implementation, there was proposed the concept of the revitalization potential of project, consisting of revaluation properties and useful values. The causes and consequences of the choice of projects for implementation were analyzed without quality criterion. Then the method of assessing the quality of the project was proposed, with the intention of applying it in the support programs of the rural areas in the years 2014 to 2020. In the assessment formula expressed in writing: the quality of the project = (valorization properties + utility properties) x level of innovation, there was highlighted the importance of innovation as an integrating element of the impact of the project and impact of the funding program. Using this method, was carried out partial, because concerning the revaluation properties, the assessment of collection of SPO and PROW projects implemented in the province Silesia. The results showed that the done project contributed infinitesimally to the revitalization of the village, which demonstrates the need to take into account the criterion of quality in the support mechanisms
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The increasing of chaos of space between "city" and "nature" is not an episode, which we can to bide one`s time, and after than everything will return automatically to the former harmony. Instead of inventory of fleeting order we need the reinvention. A new concept for the economically balanced beauty, it is a task for the professional elites. That kind of invention can not be created by the public. It needs the effort of personality - not community. In consequence, one more work is needed - to transform the opinion of majority, according to the opinion represented by minority. In our democracy it is possible only by showing of the pecuniary profits coming from such an enterprise.
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The purpose of this paper is to discuss issues related to the protection of the historic villages taking into account the characteristics of the resources and institutional activities undertaken for the preservation of that heritage in the Opole region. The paper characterizes the cultural heritage resources of the Opole village in the of historical, architectural and legal context. The paper discusses in detail the work of team for preservation of the cultural heritage of villages and protection of the rural landscape, working with the Governor of Opole since 2008. In the framework of goals set by the team there was adopted and largely completed the following activities program: to recognize of achievements of institutions dealing with these problematic aspects, to explore the historical resource of the Opole village in the field, documentation and valorization of the resource, specifying the most valuable resources (more than 100 villages covered by the demand of protection), proposals for protection activities - recommendations for the individual institutions, activation of the local community, educational activities. The paper presents the used research methods and examples of the taken actions under the program.
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The today's the village is no longer the place of residence of people only engaged in agricultural production, whereby the former building development designed to serve different functions in this connection is no longer needed. Farm buildings located in the old rural farms: barns, livestock buildings and other outbuildings, if they have not found a new function they are now falling into ruin and disappear from the landscape of the village. One of possibility to appropriate shape the rural area is to determine the parameters of the rural landscape, which is its essential features, and then including them in all investment activities in the rural areas, or on their basis creating a future image of the village. It is very important for this reason, so that rural areas do not lost their individual character. The distinguishing features of the rural areas may be inspiration to create new things with a high standard, however, in line with what is exiting.
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Today, in cities and postindustrial agglomerations the presence of degraded areas, their scale, lack of ideas for re-use, breadth of hazards, lack of planning tools and methods and financial resources, makes the restoration of balance between nature and culture, while meeting the needs of man, is complicated. The restoration of the landscape, equivalent to the achievement of balance between the natural and built environment becomes, in many cases, a luxury that not every city or region can afford. In many cases, however, what constitutes a threat can become an opportunity to create a new image of the postindustrial areas. Sometimes the bold vision and a creative approach are enough to see in the degraded landscape the beauty and turn it into a new quality.The new landscape is creating, which can be harmonious despite the scale of transformations. The challenge for the conversion of postindustrial landscapes is a combination of technological solutions with the social and environmental factor, while the process of creative finding new values. In this context, identification of natural values of the postindustrial areas, an indication of particularly valuable places worthy of protection, preservation or processing, and new management, took on special significance. An opportunity that can bring the postindustrial areas economic, social and environmental benefits becomes the use of the anthropogenic elements of the natural environment such as: dumps, pits or artificial water reservoirs. Creating through them a new landscape the features of the individual degraded elements are no longer only peculiarities, they become distinctive values of an area. In combination with the possibility of forming a new image and the necessary technical innovation, these values are an attraction, whose popularity and skillful use can restore the spatial order and affect the perception way of contemporary cities and postindustrial agglomerations.
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In Poland, a new social and economic reality has been established, changes in the political system introduced, accompanied by a real yearning and urge for democracy. The latter is often seen as an unlimited freedom of action directed by a rapacious desire for possessions and aspirations to catch up on those lost decades. Those factors constitute a serious threat to landscape and its components: the cultural heritage and natural environment; they also hit the individual, community, and national identity. The main idea of this dissertation (qualifying for the degree of the assistant professor) was to prove that the landscape surrounding us is a projection of identity and a synthesis of everything that makes an environment which:

• firstly - is perceived as an expression of the material space in respect of both: - its natural conditions (geological, geo-morphological, hydrological, climatic and naturalecological conditions), - and its cultural components (civilisation and social-economic that involve human works included here in the form of archeological and pre-historical, ethnographic, architectural issues, or in the form of themes referring to art works and city planning, also rural issues, policies of the Green Party, and finally, the architecture of landscape), and
• secondly - is sensed as an expression of the material and spiritual (immaterial) space, determined and conditioned by anthropogenic actions (in respect of historical, philosophical, mythical issues, perceptive and semiotic problems).
  

While developing this thesis three theoretical approaches considered by the author of this dissertation. The most essential have been discussed with reference to the practice within the research field of the landscape architecture. The are identity and place; identity and time (in the light of continuous changes and the "passing away of persons belonging to this world"); and, identity and landscape (with a special "inclination" towards the landscape of culture within those regions). There have been presented the elaboration from cracow's school of landscape architecture among others: the chart of countryscape of jurassic villages and the chart of cultural heritage of locality as the instruments for activity in conservation of monuments, nature and spatial planning.
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The style and level of the public debate concerning generally spatial management, including heritage preservation in Poland, is least to say unsatisfactory as the phrase 'public quarrel' would be closer to the mark. The countless conflicts not only render well-balanced project management difficult, if not altogether impossible but also contribute to numerous losses. Contradictions in this area cannot be avoided but there exist conflict prevention methods that can be mastered. It is great challenge, because progress in this area requires changes on customs and mentality of both public authority and society. Public participation in architecture is just a method of conflict prevention. The article presents a concept of participation suitable for current socio-cultural situation in Poland.
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Gradually shaping for ages the rural landscape, according to the tradition and experience, is subject to the violent transformation. Confronted with the investment pressure, global process and progress in cultural landscape degradation observing in the 90s of the 20th century, it started to come back, very lively at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries, the ideas of regionalism. Since the mid-90s the landscape shaping and its preserving has been in the Warmia and Mazuria region actively and creatively undertaken by the olsztyńskie association the Cultural Community "Borussia". From that circle came out the impulse to invite tenders for the design of the modern house which had been inspired by the local tradition. In 2010 the competition "Twój dom - dialog z tradycją" ["Your house - the dialogue with tradition"] was organized by the Warmian and Mazurian Marshal Office, National Center for Historical Monuments Studies and Documentation (presently National Heritage Board of Poland) and Polish Architecture Association - Local Division in Olsztyn. The main goal of that competition was to find out and to popular some new models of the family housing for the rural lands which could have been a kind of the traditional building continuation. a point of departure for the creative interpretation of the most characteristic and valuable landscape and Warmian and Mazurian architecture motives was the monograph concerning the tradition of the regional housing and farm building. 184 designs from all over Poland entered into this project. Many of the participants made an attempt in creative and modern interpretation of the historical motives both in the form and the details and being also inspired by the farm buildings. Prized (4) and awarded (24) projects were prepared to be sold and have also been presented in the catalogue which was distributed in the region. The competition organizers believ, that the designs will wind the purchasers and the constructed houses will soon appear in the Warmian and Mazurian region raising its landscape value.
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The concept of order, including the spatial order, should be the basis for any actions concerning the development of the space surrounding us that this particular symmetry between nature and the human activity could be preserved and could mark the harmonious compatibility and the correct interdependence of components. While the cultural heritage as an important element of national heritage, is fairly well protected (durability of the legal solutions, the stabilized structures of public administration, social awareness) is the landscape, especially the rural landscape, it is not properly protected and treated with care, and one of the reasons for this is a crisis situation in terms of spatial planning. Institute of Landscape Architecture at the University of Environmental and Life Sciences (IAK) participates in activities in support of rural leaders since 2001, when it was initiated cooperation with the Office of the Marshal of the Opole Province. Since 2004, there were works began in the Lower Silesia region in cooperation first with municipalities and the local action groups, and afterwards in cooperation with the Marshal Office of Lower Silesia. The employees of IAK has begun since that time training for the rural leaders, moderators, and local authorities, realizing topics related to the cultural heritage and landscape conservation of the village. They were conducted in both provinces, as well as in Silesia, Lublin and Great Poland voivodeship.
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Office for the Documentation of Historical Monuments in Szczecin is the voivodeship self-government cultural institution dedicated to the wider issues of cultural area of the Western Pomerania, in particular the documentation of architectural monuments, and also issues related to their care and custody. Within this range the BDZ works closely with the Western Pomeranian Voivodeship Conservator of Monuments and Area Branch of the National Heritage Institute. The BDZ has developed a Voivodeship Programme for the Protection of Monuments for the years 2008-2012 and monitors its implementation; it also created a study of cultural resource for the spatial development plan for the province. In the amendment were isolated 30 cultural-landscape areas and 43 potential landscape parks in which the protection of monuments should be integrated with the preservation of the natural environment values. The BDZ also monitors the work by the municipal records for monuments and municipal programs of monuments protection. The activities of the Office are directed also to the widely understood social education, the strengthening and deepening of the regional identity and respect for the tangible and intangible expressions of culture of Pomerania. These objectives are realized during the European Heritage Days, but also during the organized thematic workshops, after school activities for youth, occasional exhibitions and lectures. The cultural heritage of Pomerania needs, regardless of strict legal actions, also promotion; this purpose serve publications developed and published by the Office for the Documentation of Historical Monuments.
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The material heritage of the Great Poland village should be considered inseparable with the spiritual values. That what is now characteristic for Greater Poland is the result of the centuries-old processes. This is apparent both in the settlement, construction, customs, folklore and cooking. The settlement landscape of Greater Poland was shaped by the medieval settlement, the rise of the feudal manor, various colonization actions from the XVII to the XIX century, including the Olęder settlement, the activity of the Prussian Commission for Settlement. In the XIX century processes of enfranchisement in the form of pooling, separation, and parceling and the industrial development have led to reconstruction of the village. The land reform in the interwar period, from 1925 and the PKWN decree on agricultural reform of 1944 have completed the changes. The clear imprint in all areas of life left the boundary of partition, which divided for over 100 years the homogeneous body which was Greater Poland. Differences between the parts of Greater Poland belonging to the Prussian and Russian partition despite the passage of more than 90 years, are still visible. The rural heritage of Greater Poland is preserved in the spatial configurations, with gables of houses set to the rural road, especially in the southwestern Greater Poland. It's also still the readable Olęder settlement, in the Nadnoteckie areas (marsh lanes - Polish rzędówki bagienne), and in the vicinity of Nowy Tomyśl, Lwówek and Trzciel (the dispersed settlement) and in the Pyzdrska Forest (river floodplains on the Warta and Prosna). Great Poland can boast a very large amount of preserved palaces, mansions, residences, parks and farms. Many of them represent a high artistic, architectural and spatial composition level. The dense settlement network which was already during the Middle Ages caused that there are in Greater Poland a lot of churches, both brick and timber and half-timbered churches, often very valuable. The agricultural landscape is characterized by windmills, mills, sugar mills, distilleries. Monuments of the railways are also noteworthy. Many objects are individually protected by registration in the register of monuments. Only 9 ruralistic formations in the region are listed in the register of monuments. Only 1 cultural park around of Żerków and Śmiełów was established until now. It is necessary to mention the numerous risks, the unfavorable changes which are taking place in a village in the last 20 years. There are also many positive aspects of 145 numerous operations. Just even to mention the Local Action Groups, Village Renewal movement, the Culinary Heritage network, various folk festivals associated with traditional food, etc. This article outlined only in a summary form the problems of an extremely rich and diverse heritage of the village of Great Poland.
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Słowino - a village in the district Sławno - is a characteristic example of the traditional cultural landscape in Western Pomerania. The village preserved the oval shape spatial form together with the church (dominant) in the countryside, farm building structure and numerous examples of half-timbered building development, which are a specific kind of "saving" of history of the succeeding generations. Within the village we can see the harmony of centuries of tradition, highlighted by the interpenetration of the cultural and natural elements. Elements of the material heritage of the village are documented in the form of conservational and scientific-research studies and were presented at conferences, exhibitions and competitions. The educational activities contributed to promotion of Słowino in the coastal region, and to wake up the local patriotism and identification with the historical legacy - as evidenced by the adaptation of the historic homesteads in the year-round habitats and agri-tourism farms. On the basis of the existing human capital the project "The living open-air museum Słowino" was developed, which idea was to protect the cultural heritage, education and to popularize values of the halftimbered building development of the village, and ultimately to revitalize the historic buildings and harmonious development of the village. In the years 2006-2008, Office of the Documentation of Historical Monuments in Szczecin, in cooperation with the local community, local authorities and with support from MKiDN (Ministry of Culture and National Heritage) organized a conservational-construction workshop entitled "The old structures - new dreams." The purpose of these workshops was: the values demonstration of the traditional (half-timbered) rural construction, education of children and youth, the direct participation of the villagers, to obtain practical skills in the renovation of historic buildings and the use of the traditional designs as inspiration for new projects. The open and outdoor form of workshops was a village fete, was also an event of local cultural values. The result of these workshops was a common building of a stud wall that is now - along with an information board - a specific kind of tourist attraction of Słowino and is also a place for openair school activities of regionalism. These actions launched other projects within the village, such as the creation of lapidarium and the educational path ("The memory signs of the Darłowo land - in the footsteps of William Gross"), construction of an integration breezeway ("Act Locally"), editing of the international website of the village Słowino.
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The aim of this paper is to present a method of landscape analysis with the application of computer techniques. In particular, it is useful in the case of decision making, concerning acceptability of the certain transformations of space, especially, when it has high visual qualities. The method is executed in several steps and the initial one consists in the creation of a digital terrain model, with regard to its cover. It serves for calculations of the visual impact extent. In the next stage, this area is investigated, taking into consideration its tourist and recreational activation. Panoramic photographs took in the fixed places are pre-processed, in order to distinguish cultural and natural substance. In the last phase, qualitative and quantitative analyses of views are conducted, indicators for which are, as follows: the average image brightness and its fractal dimension. Achieved numerical values can be helpful in the more objective expert decision making.
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To properly compose a space at the community level its area should be analyzed taking into account the cultural and natural values and landscape values specified in sight from roads and valorisation of views. Such studies are aimed at the gradation of study area for spatial effects in the case of heavily accented investments there in the landscape. This article describes a method proposal of analysis for the municipality area taking into account the landscape values, this method was a one of the elements of study of the cultural landscape of the community Paczków done by a team of authors. In the first part of the paper the authors present the systematics of the well-known landscape valorisation methods, noting, inter alia, methods of the natural valorisation, valorisation methods of the cultural elements, planning and managerial valorisation methods. During the work on the study there was developed an authorial method of valorisation of panoramas and views presented in the further part of the study. After the preliminary analysis of the terrain and routes of the community Paczków the exhibi-tion space was selected within an average of 500 m from the locality, situated on the road leading to it. Of the selected points there were made photos of the village panoramas and open landscape with a viewing angle of about 90–1200. On their basis there were made drawings by processing the image of photo on linear composition taking into account the facture differences of individual planes. The number of plans and landform were analyzed (wing view, the emergence of a distant placed surfaces, hilliness of the area plane), then the degree of diversification of land cover (crop diversity, variety of colors, variety of surface structures). We analyzed the complexity of the habitat elements (the relationships between the saturation of buildings and surrounding greenery it, the types of systems of the mid-field green), and the degree of space orientation (emphasis of the road direction by vertical elements – rows and avenues of trees, its free and smooth direction, emphasizing the landscape elements receding in perspective). For each of these issues there were made 4 models of panoramic view with a four-level scale of complexity, with the assumption that with it grows the view attractiveness. In total, each panoramic image of the community area could get points in a scale from 4 to 16. It was assumed to consider as a medium attractive view in the range of 7 to 10 points, 11 points and above as a very attractive view and worthy of protection. The views of scoring 6 and below have no landscape value. The diverse composition of the view emphasized by the ordering element is, according to authors, of the greatest value. As it turns out, it has a strong relationship with the commonly understood cultural values. These are the view approaches to the traditionally shaped forms, and so, inter alia, the localities with the building development surrounded by high green, enriched with the dominant of church tower, the diversity of crop fields, alleys and roadside rows, free but dependent on landform the road line make the landscape so pleasant to receive. The conclusion here is that the developed method, based on the valorisation of purely spatial elements gives a good tool for assessing the value of the landscape, and in particular the degree of its consistency with the cultural values.
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Studies on the landscape in Poland date back to the 20s of twentieth century. The precursor has been prof. Adam Wodziczko, the initiator of Polish national parks – Wolinski and Wielkopolski. He has promoted the field of science called “farming landscape”. Now it is identified with the shaping of the environment/landscape architecture. In a situation where the landscape is created by investors and the private interests of individuals for whom the choice of the investment place is crucial, the formation of a new building is far from full knowledge of the direct and indirect effects of location decisions. In this context, it is necessary to develop methods for assessing landscape capacity – the ability of landscape to absorb proposed development associated with human activities without losing the current value of the landscape. This method could be used in spatial planning. Studies on the landscape capacity have been taken for the first time in the 70s of the last century in the United States. As a result, they are an obligatory part of the analysis now, performed before the location of investment. For several years, the landscape capacity assessment is also part of the landscape analysis performed at the local level in Britain. Determination metrics of possible landscape transformations can be an excellent tool in monitoring and managing the landscape changes resulting from implementation of the assumptions contained in planning documents. The value of practical use of metrics increase especially in the protected areas and areas particularly vulnerable to the expansion of housing. The example of such areas, where keeping of the principles of sustainable development in spatial planning is very important, are suburban areas and the municipalities located in landscape parks and other protected areas.
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Among the tested methods of valorisation for recreation the analysis in terms of usefulness for recreational investment or attractiveness of recreation play a leading role (they relate to areas of highest natural values). There are many partial methods for assessing the usefulness of areas for recreation (or tourism) dependent on spatial scale, degree of assessment generalization and professional orientation of the author. For urban areas or regions the role of the diversity of the geographical environment and communication accessibility of the area (the planning and spatial aspect,) stands out in the foreground. In studies on a local scale assessments of the resilience and health properties of the natural environment (the physiographic or phytosociological aspect) or following the needs of the people (the social aspect) are becoming more important. The new issue is a orientation of the conservational valorisation methods on determining of the recreation suitability of the cultural landscape of cities. The proper assessment of the recreation usefulness of historical areas needs by author to develop an indirect method, in which the analysis of the individual components of the geographical environment would impose usage patterns, taking into account the investment and spatial availability of areas, and natural and cultural values as elements of co-creating a harmonious landscape. Also the economic factors affecting the value of the land, and so far included occasionally have been subjected to a more detailed evaluation. The developed method of assessing the recreation usefulness of complex structures of the cultural landscape was based on the analysis of fortification works, preserved in the spatial structure of Warsaw. The method is based on the selected subgroups of criteria:

• primary- determining the recreation functions (the possibility of the introduction of recreational functions);
• secondary – determining the type of recreation.

The primary criteria determine the current investment availability of areas and depend mainly on the way of development and use, ownership structure and purpose in the planning records. The secondary criteria determine the values of the area in terms of program and type of recreational behaviors.
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The needs changeability of the society conditioned its development, and also the growth of the consciousness of new challenges about the regional and global character, trigger of the pressure on environment and scenery. The one of the significant forms of anthropopression is the influence in the ecoenergy aspect. The introduction of elements realizing this kind of the pressure, in a measurable way influences on the environment and shapes the landscape. This challenge sets the new trajectory of the procedure to make difficult decisions in the area of landscape. The needs changeability of the society conditioned its development, and also the growth of the consciousness of new challenges about the regional and global character, trigger of the pressure on environment and scenery. The one of the significant forms of anthropopression is the influence in the ecoenergy aspect. The introduction of elements realizing this kind of the pressure, in a measurable way influences on the environment and shapes the landscape. This challenge sets the new trajectory of the procedure to make difficult decisions in the area of landscape.
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At the scientific work they made an appraisal of chosen agricultural farms running the production with environmental and conventional methods. The area of the research included the Brodnica lake district and the Valley of the Lower Vistula, two very valuable areas under the angle of the conservation of nature and biodiversity. They conducted research in 2008–2010 years in ecological and conventional area belongings in the support about applied and accepted German method of estimation of the landscape Söhngena called, adopted to Polish conditions. Such a storage payment was analysed as: forming the area, flora, surface waters, according to parameters exploited in this method of estimation of the landscape. A floristic list and indicator of resemblances, are supplementing the evaluation of Sörensena parameter counted for analysed farms. A comparison and an evaluation of organic and conventional farms are a purpose of the work, finding resemblances and landscape and floristic, conditioned differences with the scope of research and the specificity and the value of the landscape with nature plane.
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On the 11th of July 2003 the bill on spatial planning and development of 27th of March 2003 became law (the Journal of Laws of the Republic of Poland, 2003; No. 80, item 717 – the uniform text with later changes), which together with the law of the 7th of July 1994 – the Building Code (the Journal of Laws of the Republic of Poland, 2010; No. 243, item 1623 – uniform text) and technical regulations provides legal foundations in Poland for the investment process. The content of the binding legal regulations, including the relations between them and the enforcement of the law introduced by them, means that in most cases, because of lack of precision as far as the relation of one regulation to another is concerned, these regulations are impracticable. In terms of the spatial policies of administrative communes, including the possibility of obtaining sources of renewable energy appearing on the basis of the study of conditions and directions of spatial development, the problem of scenery protection is a component with quite a strong influence. Lack of legal obligation, within statutory areas of interest, for institutions responsible for scenery protection to enforce regulations providing ideas for directions of development should be regarded as a factor hindering the investment process. This factor considerably prolongs realisation time at the stage of preparing planning documents, mainly because of the necessity to provide additional analyses.
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Article raises issues of changes in the landscape of residential areas Lublin created between the late 40s to early 60s: Housing estates Racławicka Dzielnica Mieszkaniowa (RDM), housing estates of Zakłady Osiedli Robotniczych (ZOR): Zachód, Bronowice, Tatary and the first settlements of Lublin Housing Association (LSM): Mickiewicz housing estate. In the area of described settlements still remained examples of architecture and architectural details from the period of 50s, typical for the period of socialirealism. Currently, in these settlements appear contemporary forms of land development. Unfortunately, as a result of renovation of residential buildings, the architectural details are eliminated of interior walls (including window frames, wall mosaics, etc.), in exchange, a new color of the facade is introduced. As a result of changes in ownership, some blocks are becoming residential communities. Appear their own, individual development of green areas. They are adjacent to other forms of development pursued by the management of cooperatives. In parallel, there are local community activities that complement the overall spatial chaos.
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Over the centuries, the residential development, regardless of cubature or location stood out in the landscape through form, color or composition layout. Works of construction or architecture unique for the selected area, in which they became were its determinant, identifier. Becoming a part of the cultural landscape the building development affects the visual perception and provides the identity of the place. The cited in the article the Troad region also has a clear differentiator, which is a local rock material. With it, not only the space transformed by man but also the natural landscape are characterized by the local coloring, which is identified with a specific location.
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The standards of accessibility for buildings and their surrounding are regulated by legislative norms. However the efficient and really useful solutions are noticeable only by personal and physical experience. To make the issue closer to the future designers, it was created a subject, possible to select by students, titled “Users with disabilities in public spaces”. It is divided into lecture and practical classes. The Lectures contain the following issues: types of disabilities, legal norms, ergonomics parameters, examples of universal solutions (in accordance with Design for All) as well as tourism and recreation of people with disabilities. The practical classes give to the students chance to get physical experience of architectural, terrain, communications and social barriers well known by disabled users. To accomplished this aim, we use following equipments: wheelchairs, crutches, walking frames, white canes and weights for imitation of an old age. Thanks to the equipments it is possible to feel as a persons with different types of disabilities. During the classes students consecutive assess accessibility of buildings in Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences complex and selected parts of urban spaces. The final task is to write a report of accessibility contains as well propositions of solutions in accordance with Design for All. The subject “Users with disabilities in public spaces” is popular with students. It is chosen by them every year and the participates are very committed to their tasks during classes. The mail aim of the subject, which is shaping sensitivity in future designers of public space, will be the practical expressed in their career.
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In areas of high natural beauty and landscape values the main problem is to maintain a balance between the protection and sharing. Over-activation of tourism and holiday traffic may lead to the irreversible degradation of the landscape or the destruction of its most important components that determine the attractiveness of the place. In this regard, reasonable, balanced policy and practice of spatial development of such areas should be guided, as a long-term goal, the need to preserve the attractiveness of the place, rather than temporary economic interests. This requires a prior inventory of such places, a proper assessment of their values and recognize the existing situation on the ground, including for possible corrective action to restore the attractiveness of the place. An important role in these activities are suitable layout and demarcation of hiking trails and their landscape valorization. This issue have been analysed on an example of the valuation of landscape attractiveness along a chosen hiking tourist route (Bolesławów – Kletno – Hala pod Śnieżnikiem – Śnieżnik) in the Massif of Śnieżnik in the East Sudety Mts The valuation of landscape was based on giving points to individual elements of landscape on a scale 1–5. At each point along the route, 10 elements of landscape was subject to an assessment. They are: terrain, flora, fauna, water, process and cultural transformation, the elements of the cultural environment, composition, color, originality and visual experience (individual assessment). Detailed rules for the assessment contained in the master table. Scoring for each stage of the route has been averaged. As a result, it was established an impressions curve on a graph, showing the variability along the landscape. Based on the obtained scale values of the landscape, along a route was determined areas with a very high, high, medium, low and very low values of landscape.
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Along with an intensive development of individual motorization in Poland in last twenty years, appeared the requirements of new widest ways, circular railroads and highways and accompanying them it more sizeable but through greatest car parks. Many of them was built in this period on new residential housing estates and at stations, administrative, business, sports objects or other services. Unfortunately, majority field of used surface car parks does not effect on esthetics of cultural landscape positively, but on the contrary, through lack of imagination of planner and technical bad condition, it effects on its picture negatively. Areas of car parks function as dull element of grey daily landscape in consciousness of inhabitants. They are treated as all its own necessary evil, forced by structure of object they are the back of communication for.Especially fields of oldest car parks presently spoil the landscape. Theirs picture requires indispensable correction and creative intervention of architect of landscape. Hereby article is dedicated to this question and especially to the possible and checked manners of improvement in the general picture of areas of back of vehicular traffic in existing context of cultural landscape. The existing condition, actual needs, according to obligatory capacity indicators and also chances on correcting the state of esthetics of parking objects are discussed in it. They are advisable a possibilities of harmonious composing parking surfaces to the public areas as well as analysis of methods improving the visual appearance of car parks by combination them with vegetable robe and application of ecological surfaces for example. Parking areas instead to disfigure the landscape can contribute to a positive image of it.
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