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Nr 3/2010, vol. 28 Architektura krajobrazu w nauce i praktyce Landscape Architecture in the Science and the Practice STRESZCZENIA str. 88 POBIERZ CAŁY NUMER (84,6 MB) |
PROBLEMY Badanie cech przestrzeni społecznej w środowisku mieszkaniowym. Propozycje metodologiczne Features Study of the Social Area in the Housing Environment – Methodological Proposals Aleksandra Lis STRESZCZENIEThe article presents the method used in the research program conducted in 2006-2009, which issue was related to the functioning and evolution of the open spaces in the residence environment having the characteristics of the social space. There has been studied the relationships between man and the environment of residence, referring to the impact of the land development method and its impact on human behavior and feelings. The research area consisted of some settlements incurred in the 70's and 80's of the Twentieth century in Wrocław. The dependence image based on the analysis of the functional, territorial, interactive and visual characteristics of the space. Here was briefly presented the key elements of the research methodology, adopted units of analysis and directions for the procedure in the scientific use of the obtained results to develop a (target) a zone model of the open spaces on housing estates, which could be the basis for the development programming of these areas. The selected elements of research results illustrating the accepted units of analysis are shown in the example of a residential housing complex in the estate Pilczyce in Wroclaw. Rola architekta krajobrazu w kreowaniu przestrzeni na terenach wiejskich The Role of Landscape Architect in the Creation of Space in the Rural Areas Bogusław Wijatyk STRESZCZENIEThe landscape consists always of two extremely sensitive activity systems: the natural and cultural system. They are inextricably connected and demonstrate the value of landscape. Today, we can very quickly change our immediate environment, but we know that reconstruction of that what was once is practically impossible. Paradoxically, in todays democratic is highly valued right to property, and often completely ignored the public interest. It is therefore extremely important role of the landscape architect in order to eliminate the negative phenomena. Given that the landscape needs to be protected and aware planning and the fact that it is a common heritage the Voivodeship Government went to meet the expectations and implements a program entitled. "Renewal of the Lower Silesian Village" The village renewal is the largest and longest running regional program of activation of the local communities. The program was launched in the voivodeship Opole in 1997. It is based on the long-term planning strategy for the beneficial enterprises on the level of a village council office. The solutions and methods developed in the voivodeship Opole have gained followers across the country. The program is successfully implemented in the voivodeship Pomerania (Pomorze) and Silesia (Śląsk), and from 2009 also in the voivodeship Lower Silesia (Dolny Śląsk). The aim is to create a favorable environment for present and future generations in relation to the little homelands in an increasingly globalized world. Our Lower Silesian program "Renewal of the Lower Silesian Village " supports activities that serve to initiatives aimed at the activation and integration of rural communities. Renewal of Village as a program supported by the Voivodeship Government is also an alternative, a concrete proposal against the trend to urbanization of village and also a chance for preserving the existing character of that without resignation of the use of the achievements and successes of the modern world. EKOLOGIA KRAJOBRAZU Edukacja ekologiczna a architektura krajobrazu Ecological Education and Landscape Architecture Krzysztof Czaja STRESZCZENIEThe eternal exploration of Nature, the brutal interference with her rights, economic determinism in the name of pervasive consumerism, make that we violate the foundation of our existence - living in symbiosis with Nature. And here, precisely, is a huge space for action in the area of "environmental education". Promoting the objectives of sustainable development and environmental protection the Department of Education has partnered with the Institute of Landscape Architecture, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, which result is program realization of "Grey into green". The program subject is "greening" of sites for educational institutions by: trees, shrubs and ground-cover plants planting (including the creation of so-called. "green screens", thematic gardens, ornamental greenery planting), the realization of elements of the "small architecture" related to the arrangement of green zones (such as trellises, pergolas, retaining walls, support for plants) and the rescue and care work in the existing tree stand. This is a program that not only enriches the aesthetics of places, but also improves the safety conditions of charges living in schools and kindergartens. PREZENTACJE Rozpoznanie konserwatorskie wartości architektonicznych, krajobrazowych i kulturowych kleszczowego Fortu Prusy w Nysie Conservation Recognition of the Architectural, Landscape and Cultural Values of the Tenaille Fort Prusy in Nysa Jerzy Potyrała STRESZCZENIEThe fort "Prusy" is an impressive for its size citadel of the Nysa fortress of the 18th century. Rarely met in other parts of our country the tenaille trace works of the major fortifications of the defensive work and a good status of preservation, even the eighteenth century fort elements qualify it to take under the special protection. The centre of the defence setting- up of the Fort Prusy is a fivepointed star surrounded by a dry main moat. Behind it is a ring of ravelins and counterguards. From the outside, the second dry moat with the shaft on counterscarp runs and only on fragments preserved by a hidden road. In the north, before the ravelin Pomorze are the remains of flashes Diericke. In the southern part run two connecting shafts to the Bombardier Fort and External Jerusalem Ramparts. The construction of the fort which was started in 1743 was completed in 1745, then it was expanded and modernized several times, until the eighties of the nineteenth century. Built to defend and deter, raw in its military function was patinated over time. Although the sun, water, and further green significantly deformed its historical form it arouses admiration and interest for its creators. On one hand, today we would like to see ravelins, salients and counterguards in their original form, and even live staging of the historic battle on their reconstructed slopes. On the other hand, the invasive green-clad fortress attracts us with its mystery, it becomes a place of rest, not only to commune with history, but also with nature. The area of the fort is also an excellent training ground for teaching of students the development of conservation plans and implementation of project work, where the space formed with a human hand is filled with green areas with large natural and landscape values, but also with green threatening the structure of walls and slopes. The author has made an important substantive contribution to the preparation of materials which enable to enter the facility in the register of monuments Zachowanie dziedzictwa kulturowego na obszarach wiejskich Preservation of the Cultural Heritage in the Rural Areas Zbigniew Kuriata Irena Niedźwiecka-Filipiak STRESZCZENIEThe beauty and uniqueness of country lies in its character, shaping the space, existing buildings, as well as the surrounding landscape. Hence it is important to properly recognize all the elements, and specify dependencies that occur between them. This gives basis to the demarcation of the main directions of the correct and harmonious development of the space of the entire locality. In this paper the assumptions have been presented, which guided the development of village development plans, course of conduct which was adopted for field work and the scope of the study papers. Works were carried out in 2002-2008 in the province of Lower Silesia and Opole. There were different rules of the villages' selection in different provinces the method of preparation and the final effect in the form of the submitted documents remained unchanged. Summary consists of proposals concerning the different provinces, both the differences that could be observed in the studied villages, and repeated elements, the approach to the problem of local communities to improve the environment in which they live and the quality of the ongoing projects. It is important that, as in this work were involved as many as possible people and institutions that it is an ongoing process, and the same development plan includes the entire village. Satisfying social needs included in the plan or project the natural both and culture landscape must be properly shaped and not lose anything of its quality and form. Kształtowanie terenów zieleni miasta Wrocławia na przestrzeni 10 lat działalności Zarządu Zieleni Miejskiej Shaping of the Urban Green Areas of the City Wrocław Within the 10 Years of Activity of the Management of Urban Greenery Joanna Koniecka Szymon Rozalski STRESZCZENIEWrocław has long been seen as a green city, and its individual settlements grew in its realizations parts of the garden city. Beginning of the nineteenth century was a milestone when it began to appoint units involved in the shaping and management of green areas (i.e. Construction Deputation, Beautifying Commission or Promenades Deputation). As a result of their operations arose in the city promenades, wooded avenues and parks. During this period, began the development of green areas system as rings and wedges. This system on the map of Wroclaw, we can see even today, and the fundamental document defining its formation is Study of Conditions and Directions of Spatial Development. Since the beginning of 2000, in order to improve the quality and standards of urban greenery, a specialized managing, investing and co-ordinating unit was created in Wroclaw, for the development of urban green areas - Green Municipal Board. Under the supervision of the Board is currently about 39% of the total area of green areas in the city, including urban green areas representing 13% (45 parks, 147 greens, street green and woodlands), as well as urban agricultural lands. The authors of the paper approached the theme of development of green and natural landscape in Wroclaw in the time frame of ZZM activity. The study focused on issues such as areas management, the scope of work of unit, funding, completed realizations and planned investment and cooperation with scientific environment in Wrocław. TWORZYWO Kamienie użytkowe i dekoracyjne na Dolnym Śląsku Building and Decorative Stones in Lower Silesia Marek W. Lorenc Sławomir Mazurek STRESZCZENIEStones used as both building and/or decorative material represent three genetic groups of rocks: magmatic, sedimentary and metamorphic ones. Each of them is characterized by their very specific mineral composition and their internal structure too. Various kinds of rocks were and still are exploited in Lower Silesia, as well in the Sudetes Mountains as on the Sudetic foreland. One of the most popular and very well known rocks are granites. Very special kind of granite characterized by pink colored feldspar is exploited in Szklarska Poręba, near Jelenia Góra (Sudetes Mountains). On the Sudetic foreland 97 gray colored granites are exploited on the area between Strzegom and Sobótka, in the vicinities of Strzelin, and in Kośmin near Niemcza. Sandstones used as decorative material occur in several areas of Lower Silesia. High quality red colored variety is exploited between Nowa Ruda and Słupiec. Yellow and beige colored rocks occur in Żerkowice, Wartowice and Czaple near Bolesławiec. Another variety of sandstone in various colors occurs in Stołowe Mountains (part of the Sudetes Mountains) near Radków, Długopole and Szczytna Śląska. Slightly metamorphosed limestone, which on the cross section shows very picturesque design is exploited in another part of the Sudetes Mountains near Wojcieszów. Marble is a kind of metamorphic rock, which for a long time is exploited in both the Sudetes Mountains and on the Sudetic foreland. In the mountainous region, white, pink and green colored marbles occur in the southern part of the Kłodzko district, near Stronie Śląskie. Quarries of white, gray, yellow and black colored marble is located in Sławniowice (eastern Sudetes) and in Przeworno, near Strzelin (Sudetic foreland). Serpentinite is a green colored metamorphic rock, mostly used as decorative stone. It is exploited from prehistoric times till now in the vicinities of the Ślęża Hill near Sobótka, mainly in Nasławice on the Sudetic foreland. All the mentioned above rocks were in the past and very recently are commonly used as both building and/or decorative material in many towns of Poland, Germany, Czech Republic, Slovakia and Hungary. Some examples of sculptures and buildings made of these stones are given on the photos attached to the text. FORUM Iluminacja krajobrazu miasta na przykładzie Lyonu City Landscape Illumination on an Example of Lyon Magdalena Zienowicz STRESZCZENIEArt of illumination came from the phase of the artistic lighting of buildings and became a part of integrated planning studies, taking the typical for them methods of treatment. They lead to change the overnight image of whole cities or other units of landscape, changing both their compositional and functional layout. They are not just stressing what is emphasized in the day, but they bring out sometimes from the darkness the surprising features of the "everyday landscapes", create new spatial differentiators, enable a specific recycling of the neuter, neglected, avoided spaces. Obtainment of the desired illumination effect is the result of a series of actions and choices made at different stages of the project. Increasingly, it is necessary in this respect close cooperation of architects, landscape architects and designers of light, united by a common sense of artistry, technical knowledge and ethics, whose primary canon is responsibility. Often, moderation, a reference to the noble simplicity and restraint in the space shaping with light may be the best way for night creation. This is demonstrated by the judges election at international competitions rewarding primarily for sensitivity to the environment, sustainable design and the art of changing the image of place. Recognition also gain these projects, in which light is the "mediator", influence positive the space, its identity, encourages to meetings and social interaction, shows the ordinary elements in an extraordinary way. Key criterions for assessing the implementation are efficient use of energy and innovative technical solutions. The implementation of artificial light should be the result of professional and interdisciplinary design process. It depends on designers and authorities to decide whether illumination will be the result of understanding the landscape and contribute to bringing "new value", or accelerate the exploitation and environmental degradation. Will it be treated as a "conquest" of landscape by man, or as an expression of respect for nature and cultural heritage. STANDARDY Architektura krajobrazu w ochronie dziedzictwa kulturowego wsi opolskiej Voivodeship Conservator of Monuments in Opole Iwona Solisz STRESZCZENIEThe paper discusses the institutional measures taken to preserve the cultural heritage of the Opole country. One of the aims of this work was an integral and comprehensive treatment of valuable elements also the landscape features as important premises to include in protection the rural areas. Formalno -prawne aspekty usuwania drzew w świetle ostatnich zmian w przepisach Formal and Legal Aspects of the Removal of Trees in the Light of Recent Changes in Legislation Bogdan Łukaszewicz Eleonora Wiśniewska STRESZCZENIEThe subject represents mainly the significant changes in the Nature Conservation Act for removal of trees and shrubs, which are valid from 19 July 2010 (the Act of 21 May 2010 amending the Law on Provision of Information on the environment and its protection, public participation in environmental protection and on environmental impact assessments and other acts). They regulate, inter alia, the process of taking decisions, making some changes as to the relevance of the body, they also include modifications to the contents of the proposal to remove the tree or shrub, lengthen the tree age, which does not require a permit to remove and describe the acceptable procedures within the tree crown. The speech also contains informations important for applicants about the competence of the Department of Environment and Agriculture within the scope of decisions rendering. In addition, it informs about the statistics data of land in Wroclaw in the rendered administrative decisions, about the number of removed trees and compensation planting commitments in the years 2005-2009 and about the draft subsequent amendments in the Nature Conservation Act of the government bill of 22 September 2010. Dydaktyka a zagadnienia konserwatorskie na kierunku architektura krajobrazu Uniwersytetu Przyrodniczego we Wrocławiu Teaching and Conservation Issues at the Field of Study Landscape Architecture at the Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences Renata Gubańska STRESZCZENIEIn this paper was presented, that the issue of conservation is an important element in the education of the future landscape architects at the University of Life Sciences in Wrocław. During the study, young people explore the issues in the field of conservation, restoration and revitalization, not only from the theoretical, but also practical side. The implemented methodics of the conservation conduct during the course activities, is an attempt to raise awareness for young people that the maintenance and revalorization is not only a strict or outdated patterns of behavior, but above all to adapt to modern needs in accordance with the respect of traditions of the place, the conservation principles and investor expectations. On the three cases outlined in the article was illustrated the diversity of architecture - landscape complexes and contents of work performed on those objects in a course, and during which the creative process mainly focuses on the skilful combination of conservation issues with adaptation activities to contemporary needs and the technical design requirements. It should be aware of the fact that the selected complexes are predominantly a cultural heritage which, if it is completely destroyed, is lost forever. For that reason, important issues are the timing and conservation awareness and proper conduct in accordance with the principles of conservation. Między rozumem a intuicją. Architektura krajobrazu w teorii i praktyce Zakładu Kształtowania Środowiska Politechniki Wrocławskiej Between mind and intuition. Landscape architecture in the theory and practice of the Division of Environmental Development of Wroclaw University of Technology Artur Kwaśniewski Łukasz Dworniczak STRESZCZENIEThis article primarily relates to teaching landscape architecture at the Faculty of Architecture, University of Technology. Art design in our understanding, is based on a combination of creative imagination with common sense practicality. Emphasizing the role of reason and intuition in the teaching process, is the formation of a designer with imagination, but a critical and inquiring at the same time. The method and system of teaching described with a context of history and contemporary activities of the Division of Environmental Development. Therefore, this article is also an attempt to summarizing the past 25 years the work of Division of Environmental Development. |
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