 |
Nr 1-2/2004, vol. 8 Technika w architekturze krajobrazu Próby rewitalizacji The Technics in the Landscape Architecture Trials of Revitalisation STRESZCZENIA str. 62 POBIERZ CAŁYT NUMER (76,2 MB) |
PROBLEMY Technika jako narzędzie kształtowania krajobrazu Technology as an Instrument of Landscape Formation Anna Bartoszewicz {mooblock=STRESZCZENIE} The article discusses a changing understanding of technology significance with reference to the landscape and environment: from the instrument of “bringing nature under control” to the mean of its protection and bringing back to equilibrium. Technical ways of wastelands reclamation and revitalisation are discussed together with the examples of using recovered areas for recreational purposes and their meaning in the city structure – the case of a liquid fuels base in Gdańsk and the Seaside Strip between Brzeźno and Jelitkowo in Gdańsk. Land reclamation techniques and the conditions of their applications, methods of city soil detoxification with phytoremediation methods between them are also presented. The technologies take advantage of living organisms (plants) ability to remove contaminants from the environment. Also methods of hydrobotanical waste-water treatment and sludge utilisation are based on self-purification properties of the environment. By choosing species of the proper kind, also energetic meaning of the systems is possible to achieve. Finally, ethical aspects of decisions concerning particular technical solutions application are discussed and also, connected with them, notions of eco-ethics, ecological ethics, environmental ethics and the conception of so called proper technology application; as well as a place of technology in the context of revitalisation, understood as a continuous process taking social, economic, administrative and ecological sphere under consideration. {/mooblock} PREZENTACJE Koncepcja rewitalizacji Fortu Prusy na terenie Twierdzy Nysa Conception of Revitalization of Prusy Fort in the Area of Nysa Fortress Jerzy Potyrała Irena Niedźwiecka-Filipiak {mooblock=STRESZCZENIE} In works concerning revitalization of fortification objects appropriate management of “greens” is of great importance especially in the first phase of activities. Self-sown trees and bushes of various age, spontaneously sprout in the area of the fort. They visually distort the form of embankments, and their roots contribute to the destruction of walls. However such a green area which is dozens of years old becomes a habitat for many species of mammals and birds. In that case it is forbidden to destroy it rashly. Stipulation of conscious fortification’s historical planting, defining the place of cutting down trees and bushes and places where the existing ecosystem is to be preserved, marking up sightseeing routes and determining functions for particular fortification objects are assignments to be done at the very beginning in the area of Prusy fort. {/mooblock} Wiatrak wieżowy jako zabytek techniki Opolszczyzny Tower-Windmill as the Technics Relikt of Opole Region Janusz Gubański {mooblock=STRESZCZENIE} Windmills belong to objects, which except historical and technical qualities show the evolution of the material culture of the region, own landscape’s values. By decades they were buildings, which create the locality landscape and they distinguish a particular situating, proportions of blocks and construction’s solutions. Some apart from numerous buildings, so-called kozlak windmills and seldom found paltrak windmills, some Dutch-type ones also exist. Their role in the cultural landscape of the Opole region is presented. In particular their structure, both technical and technological system, location, state of preservation and way of proposed use, is also shown. {/mooblock} Wieże telegrafu optycznego w krajobrazie Francji Optical Telegraph Towers in the French Landscape Danuta Herkt-Knapp {mooblock=STRESZCZENIE} Long distance information transfer was known already since ancient times. People were always trying to improve the transfer going farther and faster. Some methods were based on smoke or light signals, other methods used horses or couriers carrying post for special fee. Considerable improvement in an information transfer came in 18th century when Claude Chappe invented and patented the optical telegraph system. It was a visual communication network based on towers equipped with so called semaphores. Very quickly this invention gained an acknowledgement of the French government. In the beginning of 19th century, 29 largest towns gained permanent telegraphic link to Paris. Around 50 years later, the optical telegraph system of C. Chappe was replaced by technically more advanced and easier to use electrical telegraph. Monumental towers of optical telegraph lost their prestigious place in the landscape with the time. Technical and technological development only helped their destruction. Somebody might not know that the optical telegraph system of Chappe brothers was the first well organized communication network. {/mooblock} Poprzemysłowe dziedzictwo Żyrardowa The Post-industrial Heritage of Żyrardów Renata Gubańska {mooblock=STRESZCZENIE} Żyrardów is a model example of an industrial complex together with its administrative-social-tenement backup; carried out on the basis of perfectly measured conception both in respect of spatial setting and introduced architectural and functional solutions. The main factor which contributed to the inception of the town and its development was the foundation of the linen products factory. With time the whole settlement and modern infrastructure was built for its maintenance. In objects belonging to the factory there appears their clear variability in regard to the size of blocks and minuteness of architectural details. Żyrardów, intensively developed in the 19th century was one of very few worker’s settlements in Poland, carried out according to the project of perfect cities. Currently the cultural sphere of works is undergoing degradation. To prevent progressive destruction it is advisable to formulate a revitalisation program – a plan of spatial development of the whole complex of former works. At the same time we have to remember the appropriate exploitation of the cultural sphere to preserve the antique character of the ideal composition and unique values of industrial architecture. {/mooblock} Park Krajobrazowy Duisburg jako przykład rewitalizacji terenów przemysłowych Landchaftspark Duisburg-Nord as the Example of the Revitalization of Industrial Terrains Arkadiusz Górny {mooblock=STRESZCZENIE} Landschaftspark is situated in the most industrial part of Germany in Ruhr (Nordrein Westfalen). The park was created as a result of closing the old iron ore processing factory. After some time, after the factory was closed,a problem occurred as to what to do with the empty halls, chimneys and other “strange” devices, which had successfully grown into the landscape. The problem was enormous because with time deserted factories haunted with emptiness and became dangerous not only to the environment but also to children playing there. The whole area of the old factory together with terrain belonging to it consists of 200 ha, both occupied by post-industrial old buildings and green areas. It would have been a huge undeveloped area and the idea of the creation of the park allowed preservation of historical spatial configuration and maximal usage of post-factory plot. As it was mentioned earlier, the park performs many functions in the city, among others : leisure, educational or cultural. Creation of the described complex allows the landscape architects (and not only them) to view the problem of old and ruined factories from an absolutely new perspective, which is creation from nothing or as it can be said from something very ugly and unwanted – something interesting, in this case a beautiful post-industrial park where everybody can find some attraction for himself. {/mooblock} FORUM Wpływ rozwoju techniki na zmiany w architekturze krajobrazu wsi Influence of Technique Development on Changes in Country Landscape Architecture Eleonora Gonda-Soroczyńska {mooblock=STRESZCZENIE} Development of technique had and still has a great influence on changes in landscape architecture, dealing with shaping space surrounding us for the needs of a human being. It directly or indirectly influences his pleasure, calculable financial benefits, in harmony with regulations of nature and environment protection. These changes are observed both in the architecture of cities and villages. Currently we are managing intensive expansion of technique onto rural areas, directly causing changes in their landscape. It will be particularly noticed in the next few years, especially in the aspect of Polish accession to the European Union, the appearance of new technical possibilities which are closely connected to economical possibilities (Union funds). One of elements of this expansion will be using the existing or propagating new materials, especially those coming from plants which are to constitute a new type of ecological fuel material. Together with its functioning new machines, devices and objects (i.e. briquette factories, pallet factories, a network of new ecological refineries, a network of new ecological fuel stations, e.t.c.) will appear in villages. It is possible that these local predispositions will enforce changes in housing and institutional infrastructure. All these factors can cause transformation of the present farmer from food producer to agro-power engineer. With all these changes in the rural landscape we cannot forget about it’s essential element, about the cultural value (palaces, courts, granges, court’s parks, trees, also field trees, watercourses, small water reservoirs, water buildings) perseverance, simultaneously caring for preserving flora and fauna and valuable ecosystems. {/mooblock} Reklama w krajobrazie Advertisement in Landscape Magdalena Anioł {mooblock=STRESZCZENIE} The author has attempted to present the influence of the advertisement on the cultural landscape and formulate directions of actions which consider its influence on its surroundings. She analysed types of advertisements existing in the landscape starting with free standing boards, through billboards up to murals. She plied examples from the Gostyń area and Wrocław centre. Actions on behalf of minimizing the degradating influence of advertisements on the cultural landscape were proposed in conclusions. {/mooblock} |
 |
Nr 3-4/2004, vol. 9 Odnowa wsi Village Renewal STRESZCZENIA str. 98 POBIERZ CAŁY NUMER (59,0 MB) |
PROBLEMY Studzianna-Poświętne, tradycje kulturowe czynnikiem kształtującym zrównoważony rozwój wsi Studzianna-Poświętne, the Cultural Traditions as a Factor of the Sustainable Rural Development Anna Różańska Małgorzata Milecka {mooblock=STRESZCZENIE} The creation of Sanctuarium Studzannae is connected with the cult of a miraculous painting of the Holy family and is closely linked with the history of Philippine priests, who were almost from the beginning guardians of the holy painting and curators of the Sanctuary. From the preserved historical transmissions it is known that at the end of 1664 there already existed a cult of Studzianna painting, which has at its source the so called miraculous adventure of a mason called Wojciech Lenartowicz, who fell gravely ill while repairing a stove. Then the Holy Mary from the picture manifested herself to the sickly stove fitter, promising him a return to health in exchange for special reverence to her image. She asked him to build a shrine, also presaging widening of her cult in this place. After this event, numerous groups of pilgrims started to pour into Studzianna, paying homage to the Holy Mary in the painting which was situated in thecourt chapel. By special decree on the 16th March 1671 the church declared the painting of the Holy family miraculous, allowing it public cult. In 1968 the painting of the Holy Family was capped with Papal crowns, and in 1973 the temple in Studzianna received the title of basilica minor. Studzianna and Poświętne are two places situated at Opoczynska grounds, north of Opoczna, among cultivated fields separated by lines of midfield stand density and surrounded by woods on the River Pilica. Administrative relics are situated in Poświętne settlement but the name of the neighborhood village Studzinna is linked with it. That is why both names are usually given.The sanctuary existing for over 300 years has influenced the shaping and development of Studzinna and Poświętne towns. The specifics of the cult determined functional - spatial set of this area which is also perfectly visible today. The pilgrimage movement and actions by the Philippine fathers are still factors which continue to create the development of Studzianna and Poświętne.Actions which tended to sustainable development of Studzianna - Poświętne, should nowadays be proceeded bi-directionally. The first direction is broadening the Philippine priests actions for fuller use of pilgrimage back-up and also enrichment and diversity of tourist, educational and cognitive activities. The second direction is protective actions which aim at preventing degradation of the antique cultural landscape of Studzianny-Poświętne.{/mooblock} Krajobraz zabudowy mieszkaniowej w podmiejskich obszarach Warszawy (na przykładzie wybranych gmin) Landscape of Residential Settlement in the Suburban Areas of Warsaw (on the Example of Selected Communes) Hanka Zaniewska Agata Pawłat-Zawrzykraj Konrad Podawca {mooblock=STRESZCZENIE} In the previous decade, dwelling- houses development took place mainly in suburbs of cities, especially the large ones. Considering its capital and metropolitan functions, Warsaw is a particular example of the process. Problems related to expansion of new settlements, which can be observed in the areas of Warsaw suburban communes, refer to processes such as: transformation of functions and character of rural housing, conflicts arising from location of new dwellings in the neighbourhood of preserved areas, functional and infrastructure connections with a city and spatial order of the new housing. The problems are presented on the example of two suburban Warsaw communes, Łomianki and Michałowice. Przemiany wsi unijnej na przykładzie Francji, Niemiec, Holandii i Wielkiej Brytanii Transformation in Union Villages with Examples from France, Germany, Holland and Great Britain Eleonora Gonda-Soroczyńska {mooblock=STRESZCZENIE} It is not easy to elaborate a clear, unequivocal, precise, good, nation-wide conception of policy towards Polish villages and agriculture. It is difficult to mark out appropriate, certain direction of changes in villages which would satisfy all interested parties in this problem, especially farmers, breeders, industry acting for agriculture, entrepreneurs, comestible consumers, ecologists, politicians, etc. Transformations in Polish villages both in the way agricultural economies function and within the limits of aggregate rural existence are necessary. That is why I believe that so as not to make mistakes, which occurred in other union countries ie. Holland, Germany, France, and Great Britain it is essential to look acutely at these countries, especially at all transformations, renewal of village which functioned there, analyse them thoroughly and compare them to Polish conditions. However the objective evaluation of those transformations is not easy, especially that those countries underwent periods of rises and falls during the last few dozen years. They searched for ways out of various crisis. Poland, having the opportunity of benefiting from experiences and effects of those Union members should draw the appropriate conclusions, chose the best options, heeding the influence of changes to environment in Polish villages, village nature protection, preserving the typical rural landscape, cultural traditions, social integration, preventing village inhabitants from migration to cities, development of ecological and biodynamic agriculture, etc. All changes in Polish villages should be directed at ecology and protection of rural areas. PREZENTACJE Współczesne kierunki przekształceń krajobrazu terenów wiejskich Mazowsza Nowadays Transformations of the Mazovia's Rural Landscape Beata Fortuna-Antoszkiewicz Kinga Kimic {mooblock=STRESZCZENIE} Nowadays the traditional rural landscape of Mazovia created for many ages is changed as the effect of following social and economic transformation. We observe it's degradation in relation to many aspects. The negative changes included: destruction of spatial order connected with the free choice of architecture; the conveyance of urban arduous productive and service functions to villages connected with creation of new works and warehouses on fortuitous places; the disturbance of surroundings' perception caused by the chaos of ground technical arrangements and chaos of information made by ubiquitous aggressive elements of advertising located along the roads; the disturbance of surroundings and the nature manifested by "wild" dumping grounds of rugs; irreversible processesof destroying the sculpture of earth made by wasteful exploitation of scientific resources connected with forming of grovel-pits, sand-pits and excavations; reduction of agricultural landscape to poverty connected with the renunciation of agriculture and formation of waste lands; elimination of typical forms and structures of plants created by people - wayside and field afforestation, reduction of trees from farmyards and cemeteries, resignation of flower front-gardens, common replace native plants by foreign species; the commonness in using of mass-produced garden decorative elements and small architecture; insufficient protection of historical buildings, etc. All of that processes have destructive nature in meaning of superiority of spatial order's preservation and the respect of still existing scientific and cultural matter. If they stay imperceptibly and if we don't stop that occurrences they will threaten the irrevocable loss of lots of valuable and cultivated for many years typical elements of the Mazovia's landscape which decided about its cultural values (the urban structure of villages; historical forms of architecture - traditional rustic buildings with front-gardens, mansion-houses, palaces and churches; elements of agricultural culture - fields crossed by afforestation of pollard willows, old linden access roads, trees planted in relation with houses, churches and cemeteries, wayside crosses and wayside shrines). The rural Mazovia's landscape rich of historical elements and developed with the harmony of tradition is our cultural heritage. That's why the economic progress of that region should concern the process of sensible maintenance of beauty and harmonious landscape with the idea of equable development. Wartości zabytkowych alei dawnych założeń podworskich na wybranych przykładach z okolic Łomży Values of Monumental Alleys Remaining After Old Manors. Chosen Examples from Vicinity of Łomza City Jan Łukaszkiewicz {mooblock=STRESZCZENIE} Avenues for a long time have been one of the fundamental components of the country landscape. Straight roads connecting manors and farms on Polish territory, were lined with trees. The avenue would also serve as a composition and sight axis. They would also connect the residential areas of parks and gardens with other dominant objects in the surrounding landscape, such as palaces, manors, farms etc. Common lime (Tilia cordata) is a native species to Poland. Therefore it was often used as an avenue tree in different regions of our country. Lime avenues are numerous in Podlasie and some other provinces (which used to be a part of Łomża province). Four lime avenues in Łomża vicinity were chosen to show the actual meaning of relic avenues in the contemporary agricultural landscape, and to formulate some conclusions concerning the possibilities of their protection and survival. Growing antropopressure has caused the vicinity of the relic avenues to undergo some unfavorable changes. Roads which had once been used only by horse drawn transport, became busy communication tracks. Avenue trees remaining in such conditions without necessary care had no chance of survival. Nowadays old avenues do not serve the roles for which they were originally meant. Nevertheless they are of great value even now but for other reasons. They represent exceptional landscape qualities, and in many cases (e.g. the avenue in Puchały) are the only remaining relics of ancient manors. It can be said that old avenues just as other relics bridge the past and the present together. They are our cultural and natural heritage. We should endeavour to keep and conserve the traditional virtues of our home landscape, from which old avenues are inseparable.{/mooblock} Walory krajobrazu kulturowego wsi położonych w bezpośrednim sąsiedztwie dużych aglomeracji miejskich na przykładzie wsi Leśno Górne i miasta Szczecina. Szanse i zagrożenia Values of Country Cultural Landscape Situated Nearby Cities on the Example of Leśno Górne and City of Szczecin Magdalena Rzeszotarska {mooblock=STRESZCZENIE} Sustainable development of rural areas situated nearby towns causes set-back of cultural degradation processes on these areas, their activation and harmonious cultivation of natural and landscape values. Neighbourhood of a "big brother" has huge infuence on condition of small villages. Particularly situated village has chances of economic development, but at the same time, it could lose it's homely appearance and cultural heritage. Country historical values, it's architecture and natural worth should be protected and appropriately used according to improvement of quality of inhabitants life.{/mooblock} Miasta ogrody dawniej i dziś Cities - gardens in the Past and Present Barbara Sierecka-Nowakowska {mooblock=STRESZCZENIE} In the 20s and 30s of the previous century a trend to found recreation towns existed. These were separated settlement units around big cities. Clearly precised functioning- spatial rules for those sets created harmonious settlement units in the suburban zone of huge centres. At that time in the area of Łodź several of such places were found, on all main transport routes which led out of the city. The urbanization processes of the last few dozen years dimmed the boundary of the city, suburban zone and separate settlement units. City - gardens as former settlement units, surrounded by others, separate and accidental sets of summer houses, mansions and other types of buildings were lost in structures and connections.{/mooblock} TWORZYWO Parki wiejskie jako forma edukacji przyrodniczo-krajobrazowej na przykładzie gminy Bystrzyca Kłodzka The Village Parks as a Form of Natural-Landscape Education for Example Bystrzyca Kłodzka District Anna Gierula Magdalena Szymura Karol Wolski Parks are a specific form of area management, built up with natural and artist-architecture elements. They are related territorially with thet place where villagers live and work; herefore they should realize a social and scientific function. However, as tourist objects, they should carry out cultural, didactic, ecological, sanitary and aesthetic functions. Most of the parks were formed in the 18th century in place of older ensembles, sometimes as a result of their transformations. The appearance of parks is a result of economical development of society and changes in aesthetic taste, e.g. in Gorzow park, where the garden parterres were transformed into flower meadows and glades. English style fashion introduces the idea of landscape style and park. Signs of that style can be found in the park ensembles in question, where the beauty of natural forms like solitary trees e.g. European ash in nodding variety, a weeping willow which solitarily grows over a pond, or oak and beech which grow in groups. Irregularities in the terrain, such as naturally shaped waterfronts and ponds. Avenues and paths are forming arches, avoiding symmetry, e.g. on Park Mountain in Międzygorze. Rural parks, the younger ones, which were created in the 19th century had a typical, naturalistic character. They are the most valuable ones from the naturalists point of view, however poor in relation to architecture and composition. They form structural arrangements, similar to forests and have a heterogeneous composition of trees and scrub species. Trees which grow there are usually well adapted to regional soil conditions, they have a shapely form, high height and are characterized by high development dynamics. The presented results apply to the valuation of conservation of composition arrangement and floristic composition of rural parks in Bystrzyca Kłodzka district. Projects of two cycling paths based on the landscape value of the area and the attractiveness of catalogued objects. There exist eighty tress and scrubs taxa, within which sixteen are gymnosperms and sixty four are angiosperms, forty five taxa (56% of the whole investigated plants) belong to native species. {/mooblock} Roślinność rodzima i obca w krajobrazie wsi dolnośląskiej Native and Foreign Vegetation in the Landscape of a Lower Silesian Village Aleksandra Lis {mooblock=STRESZCZENIE} While weighing up the problems of criteria when selecting trees and bushes, which would create a native component of the rural landscape, we have taken into consideration the meaning of particular species in landscape cultural tradition, the degree of their historical preservation (the length of period of their use) in the mentioned area and the value which those species have in the consciousness of the local society. The background to this study is the cultural, natural and economical predispositions of Lower Silesia.{/mooblock} STANDARDY Zintegrowany system zarządzania zasobami przestrzeni przyrodniczej, jako metoda odnowy wsi Integrated System of Natura Space Resources Menagment as a Metod of Rural Revitalization Tadeusz J. Chmielewski Radosław Domagała West Polesie Biosphere Reserve was established in April 2002 in an area of 139 000 ha in Łęczyńsko-Włodawskie Lake District in Lublin Voivodeship. Poleski National Park is in the centre of the Reserve, in its western part - the Landscape Park of Łęczyńskie Lake District, and in the east - Sobibor Landscape Park. The main characteristic feature of the Reserve is the fine-mosaic ecological structure of the landscape with numerous lakes, peat bogs, meadows and forests in depressions and patches of fields on higlands of limestone substratum. From the 1950's to the 1980's the area of Łęczyńsko-Włodawskie Lake District was subjected to largescale draining. 61.2 per cent of all marshy grounds were drained. Seven out of sixty- eight lakes have dried up. From the mid-70's the remaining lakes of the Disctrict have been affected by rapidly spreading recreational development of the land. By the end of the 20th century the majority of the lakes made available for recreation had had their tourist carrying capacity exceeded, and, in several cases, it was over fourfold. To prevent degradation of nature, tourist and aesthetic values of the region a number of protective measures have been taken. Initially, in the 60's and 70's, they took the form of conventional local conservation (creation of nature reserves), then, in the 80's, nearly the whole area of Łęczyńsko Włodawskie Lake District was recognised as a part of the regional "Ecological System of Protected Areas". Granting the status of Biosphere Reserves to the whole region by UNESCO has started a new chapter in natural resources management. It is oriented towards revival of degraded areas with simultaneous revitalization of rural settlement, as well as development of agricultural production in harmony with nature. Natural resources management system of the Biosphere Reserve involves four interrelated subsystems: diagnostic, planning, decision-making and control. Both the cooperation of nature protection service with local governments and a holistic approach to all of the components of the landscape are of special importance for these actions. This paper presents the chosen methods and techniques of natural space resources management of the Reserve, which constitute the above mentioned system. Furthermore, it describes the effects of their application. {/mooblock} Rola krajobrazu w przeobrażeniach oblicza współczesnej wsi Rolle der Landschaft im Werdegang des Antlitzes eines modernen Dorfes Tatjana Kireewa Oceny oddziaływania na środowisko jako narzędzie ochrony i kształtowania krajobrazu Environmental Assessment as Instrument of Landscaping Luiza Tyszko {mooblock=STRESZCZENIE} Evaluation of influencing the environment (OOS) is a new element, introduced by legal regulations into practice of spatial planning. They constitute a complex, multi-stage process of striking conscious decision involving planned investment decisions. The process ranges from a period of planning and projecting of the investment; through it's realization, to post-realization environment monitoring. In OOS procedure we can discriminate 3 main stages: prestudy, study and post-study. Valuations of influence are undoubtedly a very important instrument which regulates problems with environment quality management, including landscape. A systemic approach carried out by OOS provided appropriate valuations of endangerment to landscape, which is our common welfare, a value presented to man by nature.{/mooblock} Możliwości rozwoju wsi polskiej Development Opportunities of the Polish Countryside Sylwia Staszewska Ewa Kacprzak Magdalena Szczęsna {mooblock=STRESZCZENIE} The systemic transformation of Poland's entire economy and its accession to the European Union have given the countryside new opportunities for development. In the recent years, proponents of the conception of multi-functional development of rural areas have grown in numbers. Non-agricultural businesses set up by country people allow them a fuller use of the existing resources, e.g. a surplus of labour or premises. A change of economic activity to obtain alternative sources of income is often the only way out of an economic impasse for the rural population. Naturally, a common barrier to establishing a non-farming business is the lack of financial means. Non-agricultural activity is known to diversify the functional structure of an area and improve the living conditions of its inhabitants. A dense network, diversity and good location of the elements of technical, social, cultural and tourist development (i.e., infrastructure) provide the necessary skeleton for the multi-functional development of the rural economy. However, the chances of introducing changes are not equal for everyone. There are a number of factors controlling the growth of the Polish countryside, including the geographical location, natural conditions, and spatial development. Poland's accession to the European Union has opened up new prospects, especially before the frontier rural areas in the west of the country. Of some importance for the activation of a place is its close location relative to a major settlement unit, although it may also pose a threat in terms of the form, way and intensity of spatial development. Another factor determining the chances of and barriers to the growth of a unit is infrastructure, since it provides a basis for any economic activity and is responsible for spatial differences in economic growth. The natural conditions of a substantial part of rural areas are favourable to the development of agrotourism, which may help improve the living conditions of villagers and the quality of the local landscape. The distribution of agrotourist farms is closely connected with the natural and cultural attractions of the given area. Tourists prefer regions with a diversified relief, a high percentage of woodiness, and the occurrence of water bodies. It should be kept in mind, however, that an uncontrolled development of tourist traffic may lead to a degradation of the natural environment. Naturally, agro-tourism helps to stimulate the rural economy and allows villagers to augment their incomes. It should be kept in mind, however, that only some farmers can engage in agrotourist activity. Hence, even rapid development of agro-tourism will not solve all the rural problems that Poland faces today.{/mooblock} Poszukiwanie nowej jakości życia w wyborze miejsca zamieszkania The Research of the Now Quality of Live in the Choice of the Location Krystyna Paprzyca FORUM Użyteczne nieużytki czyli wpływ terenów nie wykorzystywanych rolniczo na krajobraz i życie wsi Useful Wastelands or Influence of the Areas, Which are not Used for Agricultural Purposes, on the Landscape and Village Life Agnieszka Gawłowska A modern village is a place of many contrasts and conflicts. Apart from multiple social problems, like unemployment and dearth, there still accrue others which are connected with the change of village character following the entrance of Poland to the European Union. Frustration, which is created through the conflict between traditional understanding of the world by inhabitants of villages and requirements of the modern economy, often surpasses many people. To limit those disadvantageous occurrences which happen nowadays in so many regions, it is worth surveying closely the terrains of our villages, especially those which are often considered to be the least valuable. It is there where the unused potential of possibilities of development exists for many communes. Wastelands, because they are in question, can become a source of income and benefits, less calculable but also valuable. Agritourism is only one of the most popular examples in which to use wastelands. Others, less popular will also be described in the following article. {/mooblock} Tożsamość przedmieść w kształtowaniu ekologicznego charakteru siedlisk ludzkich The Identity of City Suburbs in Creating The Ecological Character of Human Habitations Magdalena Jagiełło-Kowalczyk {mooblock=STRESZCZENIE} The problem of pock moving out finny city centers, which is first of all due to overpopulation and pollution1 leads to actions aiming at finding alternative areas for the development olthc housing environment. The uncontrolled extension of cities has a vital influence over both the housing environment and economics, as it causes the rise of the costs of building houses and roads, stocking up on water, the sewage system, etc. It is also often the case that, as a result of the extension of cities, vast areas of most fertile grounds are unnecessarily and thoughtlessly wasted. That is why it is absolutely essential to take up well - thought - out steps to make use of the potential of city suburbs as housing areas. These are only possible when all the people who have an impact cii city extension, such as town planners, architects, ecologists, sociologists and inhabitants themselves, stay in close cooperation. it was no later than during the industrial Revolution that "the suburb" became home for the bourgeoisie, who wanted to escape from the hardships of city life. Nowadays the suburb, as a consciously chosen housing area, changes the shape of the modern housing organism. It offers more space and a much better quality of the environment. The countries where the ecological consciousness reached a high level have already made efforts towards using suburbs as most convenient locations for ecological housing estates. What seems to be a perfect example of such estates is an ecological housing estate called Nieuwland in Amersfoort (Netherlands). The reason why a description of the mentioned above estate is included in the following publication is to explain the way of thinking which led to locating the estate in the suburbs and present the factors which determinate its ecological character.{/mooblock} |
| Copyright 2020 - arch.krajobrazu | Adres redakcji: Uniwersytet Przyrodniczy we Wrocławiu |
Realizacja: Agency 3motion |