 |
No 1-2/2003, vol. 6 Standards of the forming landscape Standardy kształtowania krajobrazu SUMMARIES page 122 DOWNLOAD ALL (65,3 MB) |
PROBLEMS Economic Aspects of Landscape Ekonomiczne aspekty krajobrazu Aleksander Böhm {mooblock=SUMMARY} The beginnings of the discussion about the economical aspects of landscape came into existence with the moment of carrying out an idea in the USA according to which a landscape became common good. This discussion considers financing of landscape shaping – costs and profits coming from it. In the second half of the 19th century the first National Park in Yellowstone was created according to the Congress decisionabout creating National parks in areas worthless for purposes other than tourism. In the same period, in order to increase advantages of the New York landscape and creating public space, funds began to be gathered for the buyout area of the future Central park on Manhattan. The author addresses a question about the way of financing environment protection, cultural heritage and the beauty of the landscape and if the form of grant and patronage can be reconciled with the form of investment which is a business venture. Together with the increase in the well-being of society demand for beauty also increases. It becomes a source of pleasure for which they pay more and more. Successful urban and architectonic investments within a landscape increase the attractiveness of the region and because of it raise the price of the land. It can also be the opposite. The spectacular example of taking advantage of the economical value of an attractive landscape is a longstanding process of urbanite transformations of Kurytyby. Summing up, the author claims that actions within landscape cannot be based only on the system of limitations and bans. It is an action requiring costs and stabilized legal conditions, and management of ventures in this domain can bring calculable and longstanding material benefits to the public private realm. {/mooblock} Environment impact assesment in the protection of the suburban areas Oceny oddziaływania na środowisko w procesie ochrony krajobrazów podmiejskich Krystyna Dubel {mooblock=SUMMARY} Procedures of valuation of interactions towards the environment (OOŚ), which has been a tool of environment protection policy in our country since 1990, aim at providing entities included into a decision process with information on consequences which an introduced plan, program or ventures have on the environment. Apart from plans of special development OOŚ are an important tool for protection of suburban landscapes. They allow complex and systematic presentation of the knowledge about potential results of actions and possibilities of their avoidance or alleviation. The efficacy of suburban landscapes protection depends on the quality of drawn up reports (reliable and accurate information about planned investment and its potential interactions) and enforcing the investors to act on behalf of landscape protection by the administration. {/mooblock} Ecological and spatial problems of suburban Jones of big towns on the example of Warsaw Ekologiczno-przestrzenne problemy stref podmiejskich dużych miast na przykładzie Warszawy Barbara Żarska {mooblock=SUMMARY} The important directions for landscape shaping of suburban zones are enclosed in provisions of national, European Union and international legislation as well as in the cardinal ecological principles of nature protection. The most important ecological and spatial problems of suburban zones, typical for Warsaw and other big towns, are:
The rational spatial management, realised consistently in accordance with long-term spatial policy, is the only tool to stop these undesirable processes. Physical development plans should be obligatory for all areas. Systems of natural areas and proecological provisionsshould be widely introduced in physicalplanning. The urgent need is to define maximal ranges for development in towns and mark out areas for realisation of natural system and ecological connections. Chosen Models of Functional Relationships in the Border Zone Between the City and Open Landscape Value of housing space in the opinions of clients of Łódź real estate agencies PRESENTATIONS Environmental assessment of buildings in the masters programme at the Faculty of Architecture in Wrocław Highway Construction - an opportunity to enhance assets and rescources in the transformed Wielkopolska agricultural landscape Budowa autostrady A-2 - szansą na wzbogacenie walorów i zasobów w przekształconym krajobrazie rolniczym Wielkopolski Izabela Dymitryszyn {mooblock=SUMMARY} The section of the newly designed A-2 highway between Poznań and Września takes a new route through agriculturally used land. Most frequently, land designated for highway corridors is covered with huge single-crop corn and wheat acreage. The primeval Wielkopolska landscape in this region was characterised by high proportion of wooded areas and large areas of bogs. Over time, starting in the XIV century, deforestation and drainage of the area started, gradually transforming the species rich forest and hydrogenic habitat (Hładynowicz H. J. 1932). The physiognomy of Wielkopolska underwent transformation particularly in the XX century, a visible indication of which was the disappearance of characteristic small ponds. Fragmented agricultural landscape has undergone a strong degradation. Most of the natural recourses disappeared (lot of animal and plant species). Indigenous species survive only inside, not numerous and isolated, habitat remnants. Is there a chance, that construction of the A-2 highway would able to change degraded stage of Wielkopolska landscape? Green belts and right-of-way with rich structure of designed vegetation, parallel to carriageways, can functioning as a corridor. Green corridors near existing motorways in Holland, USA function as a corridors, which connecting isolated patches as: tree plantings, cave-in lakes surrounded by crop fields (habitat remnants of numerous species). Forest birds, small mammals, arthropods are used to migrate along Corynephoretum associations, groups of native shrubs and trees species shaped on a highway ROW (Viles R.L., Rosier D. 2001; Bolger D., Scott A. at al. 2001; Bergin T, Best L. at al. 2000; Brotons L., Herrando S., 2001 Vermeulen H., 2000). The key plans of Polish motorway network should consider management by rules of the landscape ecology. That means not only a creation of management projects in the limits of highway’s separating lines (borders of land repurchase) but a creation integrated plans of ecological management of agricultural landscape adjacent to a road corridor, too. Ecological rules of a roadside landscape designing take a chance to recreate some natural recourses in degraded agricultural landscape of Wielkopolska. {/mooblock} Countryside Regeneration in Case Studies by the Agricultural Academy of Wrocław Professional Powers - Cartel or Healthy Competition TECHNICAL SOLUTIONS New roads in suburban landscapes. Different aspects of space MATERIAL A catalogue of trees, bushes and climbing plants "Hortus" - a tool supporting green area design, which takes into consideration Polish climate conditions, Polish offer of nursery gardens and Polish natural landscape STANDARDS Role of a landscape architect in planning and carrying out highway and motorway routes (a German example) Review of full powers measures of landscape quality Przegląd umocowanych prawnie mierników jakości krajobrazu Renata Giedych Marek Szumański {mooblock=SUMMARY} Query of currently binding legal regulations in Poland indicated a lack of legal concretisation of the landscape idea – which could mean that in consequence it is impossible to describe values of landscape. However by affinity of the idea of landscape with the idea of environment it is possible to describe selected components of landscape common for both ideas according to the rules included in legal acts. For such can be recognized: fossils, soils, waters, air, plants and animals. The above mentioned list of full power landscape components, by colligation of the ideas of landscape and environment, indicates that in the Polish legal system mainly legal entries regarding natural landscape components can found. An analysis of the content of selected legal regulations regarding landscape components specified above demonstrated that their legal concretisation is performed by variously apprehended ways in the description of their different characteristics. The way of describing as well as the choice of characteristics indicate that in Polish law regulations, value of the landscape is vastly perceived, in the opinion of the authors in the three variants of quality are outlined as: natural value of landscape, landscape utility value and landscape lost value. The above mentioned values are described in analysed regulations with application of various measures taking the form of either a condition, standard, norm, specification, parameter or lastly tarificator. The identification of types of measures applied to the description of landscape value in currently binding regulations, although preliminary, indicates a clear tendency of diffraction in their use depending on the type of defined value of landscape. {/mooblock} FORUM Prof. Janusz Bogdanowski 1929-2003 IN MEMORIAM Formal rhythm as a indicator of landscape humanisation Reinterpretation of "Świder Bis" conception Wisła - czyli rzeka, która się rozpływa. Reinterpretacja koncepcji Świder Bis Monika Harmas Katarzyna Zienkiewicz Łukasz Kowalski Michał Siedlecki {mooblock=SUMMARY} The subject matter of the project workshop which took place on 1-5.05.2002 in the studio of prof. Jacek Damiecki in Warsaw was an attempt to reinterpret Świder Bis conception. The workshop was organized by The Scientific Circle of Landscape Architects SGGW in Warsaw. The conception Świder Bis which was aiming at creating a waterside leisure area in a region of Otwock ridge was created in “Wisła” studio of the Warsaw development planning office in the 1970s. During the reinterpretation two new factors were taken into consideration: the growth of importance of the Wisła as a European ecological passage and change in socio- economical conditions. These factors decided about the assumption of the principal conception, presumption of introducing an open recreation program and the possibility of carrying it out in several investment steps. The essence of the conception and also a characteristic distinguishing it from the primary version is preservation of the natural rhythm of Wisła valley life through resignation from building a flood bank. It is to allow partial freeing the Wisła and lead to natural seasonal flooding of the Wisła marshy meadows. The current conception includes in its range a bigger region than the primary Świder Bis . It assumes building a foot – cycling bridge across the Wisła which would ensure a flow of cycling and pedestrian traffic from central parts of Warsaw to so called Otwock ridge. Such a bridge with a light and openwork structure which is based on the Bailey type MS military system, which harmonizes with the character of the vast marshy meadow landscape of the river and its length provides easy passage of the construction over Średzkie Islands Reservation. The conception also assumes adaptation of Siekierki thermal-electric power station ash mound which would constitute a viewing point over the Wisła Valley, at the same time the offering possibility of building into its infrastructure – servicing tourist traffic. In the conception Świder Bis 2002the bridge together with the mound would play a franchise part in creating a main recreation base. {/mooblock} The Production in The Old Farm Complexes - The Tradition and The Present Time |
 |
No 3-4/2003, vol. 7 Lower Silesia rural countryside Krajobraz wsi dolnośląskiej SUMMARIES page 56 DOWNLOAD ALL (8,10 MB) |
PROBLEMS The development of the region according to the cultural values Kreowanie regionu poprzez wartości kulturowe Jerzy Oleszek {mooblock=SUMMARY} Although there appear nowadays new approaches to viewing the region, the fundamental role in its creation should be that of the cultural environment. However, are the elements of the local tradition known and, moreover, used in promoting a particular area? Observations and analysis of the geographically isolated Kłodzko region proven that its cultural environment used to be very explicit and rich. Today the most specific feature of this area is the outline of the buildings and settlements – their forms and architectural details – harmoniously placed in the countryside. The fact that the tower on Śnieżnik mountain was closed and the characteristic plant – European Globeflower (Trollius europaeus) – is almost unknown to the local communities, shows that the development of the area ceased to be conducted according to the historically established symbols. Moreover – in the wake of the recent transformations, traditional farming is not able to sustain the rural economy as it once has done, leaving many agricultural buildings empty and decaying. Making use of former agricultural buildings can create very attractive spaces that can be put to commercial use, without detracting from the surrounding environment. The means to maintain the cultural value of the region is to preserve the traditional style of the existing houses and to develop the new buildings according to the regional features of architecture. It is also important to educate the local community and make it aware of the role of its tradition, especially if the tourism plays the main role in the local plans of social and economical development. {/mooblock} Tourist attractiveness of the resorts in Sudety Mts. Atrakcyjność turystyczna miejscowości sudeckich Marek Staffa {mooblock=SUMMARY} The Sudety mountains, with the most impressive Karkonosze massif, create the natural border between Poland and Czech Republic, situated very close to the German border. This area could be considered as one of the most attractive tourist regions of our country (especially for winter sports), because of its unique geological, natural, cultural and landscape values. Unfortunately, its “golden age” of tourism has finished in the early 40s, because of the war and post-war socio-economic conditions. Signs of the former popularity are still visible all over the countryside, particularly in the architecture of the old ski-centres and spas. Author presents the typology of more or less known mountain locations, analysing their tourist values and perspectives of development. Report underlines the need of preserving the features of regional identity and creating the new attractive offers, taking into account the contemporary standards and differentiated expectations of customers. {/mooblock} The suburban manor parks in the face of the sprawling residential areas Parki podworskie w strefie podmiejskiej Wrocławia Zuzanna Borcz Monika Czechowicz {mooblock=SUMMARY} Many manor parks are to be found in Lower Silesia countryside. Within the suburban communes, as: Długołęka, Prusice, Sobótka situated nearby Wrocław, almost 50% of the villages still have the manor parks. They are mostly overgrown and neglected by their post-war users, such as schools or the agricultural cooperatives. After the socio-political transformation from the early 1990s, the private persons have started to buy the better preserved parks, which are recently well maintained. The new types of devastation derive from the vast sprawl of the housing areas. The architectural forms of the buildings are often inspired by historical shapes and details of the neighbouring palaces, although the visual effects of highly differentiated houses grouped on the small sites can be estimated as far from the expectations of the owners. The paper points at the difficulties in combining the shortterm economic and social goals with the requirements of greenery preservation and maintenance. {/mooblock} The spatial structure of the villages under the pressure of the suburban development Zmiana układu przestrzennego wsi podmiejskiej na skutek urbanizacji Zbigniew Kuriata {mooblock=SUMMARY} Open rural space is valued by many urban dwellers for recreation and quality of life reasons. However, when suburban development expands into the countryside, the traditional patterns of shaping the landscape are usually changed in an irreversible way. Despite the statements of sustainability and respect to the cultural heritage, in the researched villages neighbouring Wroclaw from its southern side – the first stage of development is usually connected with:
The new buildings are mostly out of scale and character with traditional forms of the farmsteads. The planners, architects and owners do not respect the existing density, roofscapes, materials, details, spaces between buildings and other natural or cultural features, that contributed to the character of the surrounding rural areas. {/mooblock} PRESENTATIONS The new functions of suburban communes: Czernica and Jelcz-Laskowice The fortress of Srebrna Góra as the tourist attraction Twierdza srebrnogórska atrakcją turystyczną dla Wrocławia Irena Niedźwiecka-Filipiak Jerzy Potyrala {mooblock=SUMMARY} In recent years the intensity of life has considerably rose. A lot of inhabitants move out from the anonymous and overcrowded cities to the nearby villages, in search of the silence and the calm. This phenomenon is so mass, that in the countryside the zones of detached houses are arising, which nothing differ from the ones located in the townscape. The short tours in the vicinity of the cities offer the more differentiated opportunities of recreation. The surroundings of Wrocław abound in a lot of places attracting their specificity, as Srebrna Góra which is 70 km away from Wrocław. The 18th century fortress of Srebrna Góra belongs to the biggest ones in Europe, situated on the top of the mountains. Once a strategic military object, became very popular on the turn of the 19th century as a tourist attraction. The massive walls of the fort were far visible from the neighboring roads, as predominant above the woody hill-sides. After the second world war the fortress as well as the whole town Srebrna Góra have increasingly deteriorated. The forest completely screened outside the defensive walls, which lost a lot in their scenic and self-promoting values. The paper outlines the necessity of partial, controlled logging in the planned restoration of the tourist attractiveness of the fortress. {/mooblock} An industrial heritage of the railway and it’s recreation values TECHNICAL SOLUTIONS Parking spaces in present rural Landscape Retaining walls in landscape architecture Mury oporowe w architekturze krajobrazu Andrzej Surowiecki {mooblock=SUMMARY} In the paper was presented structural projects of modern light retaining walls of communication building engineering, formated by special fashion opened and urbanizated scenery. Was specificated the characteristics of folowing structures: reinforced earth retaining walls; retaining walls according to NEW system and according T-WALL system; retaining wall builded with gabionelements, taken into account the accent on the ecology and aesthetics stigmas. {/mooblock} MATERIALS Lawn cultivation methods Hortus: Cataloguc of trees, shrubs and climbers STANDARDS Preservation of rural landscape by planning system. The model of landscape planning framework FORUM Forming the landscape ot the Biała Lądecka river valley |
| Copyright 2020 - landscape arch. |
Adress of editorial: University of Environmental and Life Sciences |
Implementation: Agency 3motion |