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No 4/2001, vol. 3 Material Tworzywo SUMMARIES page 56 DOWNLOAD ALL (50,3 MB) |
PROBLEMS Living Material Żywe tworzywo Ewa Lenard SUMMARYDesire to surround with greenery, what is a natural human needs, has caused trees and shrubs become essential element in space design and shape. Plants as material are difficult matters to application. They only achieve a robust appearance into favourable conditions. Continuously changing environment “modify” forms of free growing (not shaped) trees and shrubs and their final appearance is difficult to predict. Characteristic of alive organisms to continuous growth and regeneration give a man ability to interference with their natural forms through proper pruning. Other plants feature – a natural, biological variability and ability of diverse species to cross among them allowed to receive more another variety of shaped and coloured forms. Ultimately we get material of huge diversity of shapes and rich colours palette. Success of their use only depend on ability of application this gently, very plastic and variability material. The Metal Fences in Wroclaw Ogrodzenia metalowe we Wrocławiu Ewa Kozłowska SUMMARYThe evolution of barriers in the cityscape, from city walls to hedges, proves that their forms depend on structure, appearance and function. The article describes and generally systematizes the trellis fences selected from Wroclaw area. The inventories presented in text give an evidence of different forms represented by the metal barriers, illustrating the changing tastes of city residents. The article describes barriers that were classified as unique, interesting or typical of various historical periods. Compatibility between fence and adjacent architecture is usually enhanced by using similar materials, details and proportions. PRESENTATIONS Sculpture Parks: Unity of Idea, Place and Form Parki rzeźby: jedność idei, miejsca i formy wyrazu Alina Drapella-Hermansdorfer SUMMARYThe article presents the Vigeland Park in Oslo and the Tarot Garden of Niki de Saint Phalle (in Capalbio, Italy). The first one has been created for almost fifty years (1900-1947) from the initial sketches to the final result, which contains 192 sculptures with more than 600 figures, all modeled in full size by Gustav Vigeland. In 1924, the City of Oslo decided that the sculptures should be placed on the Frogner Park hill slope, where the artist added the architectural setting. The main axis of composition links up: the main entrance with wrought iron gates, the renovated and adapted bridge with 58 bronze sculptures on the parapets, the fountain with six giants holding the vessel of falling water, the Monolith plateau and „Wheel of Life”, composed of human figures swirling in a circle. The Monolith, 14.12 meters high – carved out of a single block of stone is situated in the central point of the park. 36 groups of granite statues which are surrounding the column portray people in situations depicting the cycle of life. The Tarot Garden explores the human condition in quite different way. The monumental sculptures combined with fancy forms of buildings, all covered by brightly colored mosaic, reflect the metaphysical aspects represented by 22 tarot cards. Niki de Saint Phalle began her work on the garden in 1979 (with her husband Jean Tinguely and the team of friends) and officially opened it to the public in May 1998. The smaller figures are hidden in the wood, while the Main Arcanas (The High Priestress, The Magician, The Empress, The Sun and The Tower) surround the artificial lake in the middle of composition. Although the presented sculpture parks have been created in different periods and styles, they both illustrate the role of material in landscape architecture. TECHNICAL SOLUTIONS The Waterway and Flood Protection System in Wroclaw Wrocławski system ochrony przeciwpowodziowej Ryszard Majewicz SUMMARYWater always had and still has an influence on places where people settle down. After each bigger flood, man usually did some alterations in already existing buildings and erected new ones. He raised the embankments but scarcely ever noticed the need to verify some spatial solutions in town planning. As the result of this strategy we are facing the mans growing influence on landscape. This process causes the increasing costs of flood losses and renovation of the damaged infrastructure. We can observe here a vicious circle of humans actions and reactions of natural powers. On this background the author describes the history of the waterway regulations and flood protection investments in city of Wroclaw. FORUM IBA-see - The Great Cleaning after 2Oth Century? IBA-see - Wielkie sprzątanie po XX wieku? Michał Stangel |
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